Межкультурные отношения в российском Крыму: эмпирическая проверка трех гипотез

Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2019. Т. 16. № 2. С. 250–268.

Kodja E., Lebedeva N., Galyapina V. N., Lepshokova Z., Ryabichenko T.

This article examines intercultural relations in Crimea - one of the multicultural regions of Russia. Our goal was to test three hypotheses in Crimea: the multiculturalism hypothesis, the integration hypothesis, and the contact hypothesis. The sample included members of the ethnic majority in Crimea, Russians (N = 195), and members of the ethnic minorities, Crimean Tatars (N = 197) and Ukrainians (N = 196). Data processing was carried out using path analysis. We additionally conducted 25 interviews with the members of three ethnic groups to deeper analyze the results of the quantitative study. The results showed partial support for the multiculturalism hypothesis: perceived security was linked with support for a multicultural ideology and integration among Russians and Ukrainians, and support for multicultural ideology among Crimean Tatars, however, there was no significant correlation with tolerance in the three samples. The contact hypothesis was partially confirmed: intercultural contacts predicted support for tolerance among Russians, preference for integration among Ukrainians, and both tolerance and integration among Crimean Tatars. Integration hypothesis was fully confirmed: preference for integration promotes well-being in three samples. However, the preference for separation promoted self-esteem among Crimean Tatars and life satisfaction among three ethnic groups. The results of the research are discussed from the perspective of the socio-cultural and historical context of interethnic relations in Crimea.

Keywords: аккультурация, мультикультурализм, интеграция, acculturation, integration, multiculturalism, этническое меньшинство, ethnic minorities, межкультурные отношения, intercultural relations, intercultural contacts, межкультурные контакты, Крым, Crimea