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Православная модернизация vs механическая европеизация: ответ старообрядцев на вызовы истории
The article contains an attempt to apply the concept of "a history call" to Russia of 17-19th centuries. The Peter`s hyper mechanical and Old Belief possible answers realized in the history on such call are compared. In the words of V.N. Toporov, under Peter the chance of "organic development of the Russian society" has been completely lost. The old believers’ answer to calls was based on reconsideration of orthodox tradition in new civilization conditions and development of doctrinal provisions of pre-Pertine labor ethics and also the installations of the Russian peasantry and city layers which have developed earlier. In fact social innovation of old believers at early stages of society modernization had larger spread and, in this sense, had more efficiency, than the state efforts. As a result, in relation to the state modernization the Old Belief represented by itself the realization of parallel and alternative national modernization – non-statist by character, based on tradition and realized out of the European system of values