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Анализ мультимодальных перевозок в цепях поставок нефти европейских стран региона Атлантики, Северного и Балтийского морей
The typical feature of the oil market of the Atlantic region, the North and Baltic Seas is significant prevalence of imported raw materials over domestic oil refining, and the oil production dynamics over the past few years does not suggest a significant production growth in the future. This circumstance determines specific features of the logistics of oil transportation to the Atlantic region, the North and Baltic Seas refineries. Availability of Druzhba's oil pipeline system enables to use the trunk pipelines for Russian oil supply to regional refineries without a marine pass, which makes the process independent on weather conditions. So oil supplies via Druzhba are crucial for the region. Marine oil transportation to the Atlantic region, the North and Baltic Seas market has a number of advantages. That is why refineries in many countries have crude oil supplied via European oil trunk pipelines that receive oil via marine port terminals. The paper describes the transport infrastructure of oil pipelines sea terminals, shows modern distribution of oil refining facilities in the European continent, and studies the procurement volume arriving to refineries of the region via the Atlantic region, the North and Baltic Seas transportation system. A considerable part of refineries in the maritime countries is located in close proximity to the oil port terminals. To develop efficient programs of crude oil supply to the Atlantic region, the North and Baltic Seas, the infrastructural opportunities provided by these economic entities are studied in the paper. The findings reveal that the port infrastructure of states in the Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas region water area is able to receive VLCC class tankers. Using the quantitative analysis method, we review the developments in oil refining facilities and oil refining volumes in the region. We singled out the main groups of countries participating in the global oil market. Despite a drastic capacity loss of the regional refineries the total volume of oil refinery in the Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas has an upward trend. Development of this process will lead to an increase in imported oil flow and will provide an additional load of the region's transport infrastructure.