Содержание обязанностей участника корпорации на современном этапе развития гражданского законодательства: анализ правовых позиций

Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2017. № 3. С. 74–88.

Pirogova E., Zhukova Y.

The article is devoted to the analysis of contents of a shareholder’s duties set in the article No 65.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as a result of a major reform of civil legislation as related to regulation of legal entities. Due to complexity and ambiguity of such legal notion as “corporate obligation” concerning in particular shareholders, not members of governing bodies, the problem of extent of discretion of a shareholder, implementing his corporate rights, seems to be worth researching. The authors of the present article are focusing on so called “active” duties, initially on the duty to take part in making corporate decisions in cases when such decisions are vital for the company’s further activity. The research covers the issue of allowability of compulsion of the shareholders to participate in the general meeting by means of setting a mandatory obligation for each shareholder. Also the authors underline uncertainty of the scope of persons obligated to take part in making of a decision concerning which legal rules are not prescribing unanimous consent, while the decision itself is not obligatory for the further existence of the corporation. The contents of a notion “taking part” is also undetermined because no one is obliged to vote affirmatively. Another problem revealed by the authors relates to settlement of excessively peremptory rules concerning decision-making process by the corporation itself (for example, prescribing unanimous consent for election of a chief manager in the charter of the corporation). Special attention is given to the issues of delimitation of liability of a shareholder not able to determine the corporation’s decisions and a “controlling” shareholder: the scope of liabilities seem to be different, while the real taking opportunity of affecting the corporation’s activity should be considered.

Keywords: обязанность действовать в интересах общества, обязанности участников корпорации, основания исключения из общества, участие в принятии корпоративных решений, фактическая возможность определять действия юридического лица