Крестьянская архитектура позднего средневековья: Нижняя Бретань и Русский Север

Средние века. 2016. Т. 77. № 3-4 . С. 339–353.

Maciel L.

This article focuses on the striking similarity of the rural architectural complexes in 16th – 18th century France and Russia: ‘parish enclosures’ of Lower Brittany and ‘churchyards’ of the Russian North. These monumental and numerous constructions chronologically belong to the Modernity, but their sponsors, builders and users lived in the reality of Late Middle Ages. It is not surprising that from architectural point of view these parish enclosures and churchyards represent Gothic Survival in the Late Renaissance and Baroque eras. Built by mostly unknown builders and craftsmen with financial support of rich local peasants or/and merchants, they are very important historical sources about the everyday life and culture of Lower Brittany and the Russian North. Our comparative study deals with typology, iconography and style of the most important buildings in Pleyben, St.-Thegonnec, Kizhi and Lal’sk.

Keywords: Russian North, Русский Север, Middle Ages, vernacular architecture, Gothic art, Brittany, Bretagne, погост, народная архитектура, Бретань, поздняя готика, готическая архитектура, Позднее средневековье