Место мыслительных операций в структуре способностей и мышления

Российский психологический журнал. 2016. Т. 13. С. 19–29.

Berberyan H. S.

Study of mental operations plays a key role in the psychology of abilities, psychology of thinking, psychology of learning. The problem of mental operations is directly connected with the problem of abilities as mechanisms of abilities’ mastering are revealed through mental operations study. Individual’s mastering of mental operations which act as generalized solutions to the problems, determines the thinking development and individual’s development in general.

The cultural-historical approach to higher mental functions development, activity theory (L. I. Bozovic, L. S. Vygotsky, V. V. Davydov, A. V. Zaporozhets, V. P. Zinchenko, A. N. Leontiev, A. R. Luria, S. L. Rubinstein, P. Tulviste, D. B. Elkonin et al.) and V. D. Shadrikov’s theory of systemogenesis and abilities are theoretical and methodological bases of the study. Scientific novelty of the work lies in analysis of mental operations’ concept from the perspective of its place in human mental development, in stating the problem of individual’s mental operations mastering in age aspect, taking into account nonlinearity and heterochrony of development.

In mental operations study it is important to understand the current state of the problem, there is a terminological disunity and no single interpretation. Based on the analysis we described trends related to differences in term interpretation and the method of study, then we highlighted the definition designated as the original in connection with a working concept.Mental operations’ meaningful definition is a productive step towards the study of human mental development because of thinking and abilities development.

The practical significance of the work lies in the possible application of research results in the practice of educational process. Teachers’ construction of training programs taking into account the research results will help to develop students’ abilities as subjects of educational activity due to operational mechanisms.

 

Keywords: students, способности, мышление, thinking, abilities, учащиеся, mental development, Ментальное развитие, thought generation, мыслительные операции, mental operations, acquisition sequence, learning skill, nonlinearity and heterochrony of development, последовательность овладения, умение учиться, продуцирование мысли, нелинейность и гетерохронность развития

Publication based on the results of: Differential diagnostics of person’s thought generating characteristic properties (2016)