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Emotion without a word. Shame and guilt with Rarámuri Indians and rural Javanese
The Raramuri Indians in Mexico use 1 word for guilt and shame. In this article, the authors show that the Raramuri nevertheless differentiate between shame and guilt characteristics, similar to cultural populations that use 2 words for these emotions. Emotion-eliciting situations were collected among the Raramuri and among rural Javanese and were rated on shameand guilt by Dutch and Indonesian students. These ratings were used to select 18 shame-eliciting and guilt-eliciting situations as stimuli. TheRaramuri (N = 229) and the Javanese (N = 213) rated the situations on 29emotion characteristics that previously had been found to differentiateshame from guilt in an international student sample. For most characteristics, a pattern of differentiation similar to that found among the students was found for both the Javanese and the Raramuri. Keywords:emotion, shame, guilt, cross-cultural, culture