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Срочные трудовые договоры: влияние на движение рабочей силы и движение рабочих мест
In Russia the use of fixed-term contracts are comparable with other countries. Fixed-term contracts allow firms to adapt to fluctuations in demand; to select employees for performance on permanent jobs; to create a buffer for protection of the permanent jobs. The purpose of this study is to determine what impacts have fixed-term contracts for the operation of the Russian labor market. On the one hand, through the use of fixed-term contracts the firm could create the best match between workers and jobs. At the same jobs firm may have to hire and dismiss workers. That will lead to increased labor mobility and the labor flow in the labor market. On the other hand, fixed-term contracts are reducing employment protection and they are reducing for firms the costs of labor. On this basis, fixed-term contracts can impact on the job creation and on the job destruction, as consequences have the impact on the job flow. They can have an impact on redistribution of the labor force from less productive firms to more productive firms in the labor market. The subject of this study is the impact of fixed-term contracts on the worker flows and the job flows. This study was based on data on Russian enterprises (2009-2011). The object of the study were firms with more the 10 people in six industries (mining, industry, construction, transport and communications, trade, finance and business services). By using two step method of least squares (2SLS) was estimated the effect of fixed-term contracts on hiring and firing of workers, and on the job creation and on the jobs destruction. By using generalized method of moments (GMM) was calculated the effect of fixed-term contracts on the excess labor turnover. As a result, it was found that Russian firms with fixed-term contracts often hire and lay off of workers. Fixed-term contracts contribute to redistribution of the labor force on the labor market and increase labor flexibility. However, with the increase of fixed-term contracts reduces the job flows. Under the influence of fixed-term contracts firms often to destroy jobs than to create jobs. In firms with fixed-term contracts increases the excess labor turnover, but decreases the likeli-hood for workers to move to permanent jobs.