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Оценка уровня технологического суверенитета Российской Федерации на основе интегрального индекса
Russia’s national technological sovereignty as an achievement of competitiveness
and independence of the national economy in critically important sectors is
currently under threat from external influence from Western states and a number of
sanction restrictions. This is especially evident in such key areas as energy, automotive,
and microelectronics, which has significantly widened the technology gap between
Russia and a number of leading countries in terms of technological development. At
the same time, a significant methodological gap in the field of promoting national technological
competitiveness at the global level remains the way to determine the level
of technological sovereignty in the context of energy transition and transformation of
innovative systems. There is no corresponding indicator for measuring and tracking
the dynamics of this indicator in space and time. The purpose of the work is to develop
a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the level of technological sovereignty
of the Russian Federation based on an integral index. The hypothesis is that
the level of technological sovereignty can be adequately measured and tracked in dynamics
using an index based on six interrelated sub-indexes: industry structure, foreign
trade in technology, technology production, research potential, human resources,
and financial potential. The research procedure includes the development of a methodology
for assessing technological sovereignty, the collection and evaluation of statistical
data to build the author’s methodology for calculating the integral index of technological
sovereignty, and its testing on official statistical data for 2023–2024. The
results of the study indicate that in 2023–2024, the technological sovereignty index
decreased by 0.6 percentage points from 78.5 to 77.9 %, which is primarily due to
a decrease in the production of advanced manufacturing technologies, including fundamentally
new ones, for the first time since 2020. The theoretical significance lies in
overcoming the methodological gap by creating a comprehensive toolkit for measuring
technological sovereignty, integrating existing approaches to its assessment. The
practical significance lies in the fact that the proposed TSI index can be used by government
agencies to monitor, set goals, and evaluate the effectiveness of policies in
the field of technological development and national security.