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Взгляд со стороны: разработка опросника диспозиционного самодистанцирования и проверка связи с системной рефлексией
Problem. According to D.A. Leontiev and A.Zh. Averina's differential model of reflection, self-distancing—the capacity to view oneself from an external perspective—forms the foundation of systemic reflection. However, empirical studies have not supported this theoretical position. Aim. This work resolves this contradiction by developing and validating a new instrument for measuring dispositional self-distancing and testing whether it predicts systemic reflection. Scientific novelty. Development of a psychometrically validated instrument and refinement of the model of sources of systemic reflection. Methods. The study involved 192 participants. Questionnaire items were developed based on experimental data on self-distancing techniques. Reliability and validity were assessed using McDonald's ω, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The Differential Test of Reflection, the Existence Scale, and the Spontaneous Self-Distancing Questionnaire were used to test hypotheses and assess construct validity. Hypotheses were tested via correlation and regression analysis. Results. The Dispositional Self-Distancing Questionnaire (DSDQ) is presented, comprising three subscales: temporal, linguistic, and social self-distancing. The DSDQ examined the relationship between dispositional self-distancing and systemic reflection. The DSDQ demonstrated high reliability, and subscale structure aligned with the theoretical model. Regression analysis showed that dispositional self-distancing, particularly its temporal component, predicts systemic reflection. Correlation analysis revealed self-distancing is significantly positively associated with introspection and quasi-reflection. Conclusion. Self-distancing is an empirically grounded multidimensional construct associated with systemic reflection. The DSDQ is recommended for assessing adaptive reflective strategies. Given significant correlations with all types of reflection, future research should examine the adaptive and maladaptive functions of self-distancing separately in positive and negative situations.