Локутивная модальность в хваршинском языке

Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды института лингвистических исследований. 2025. Т. 21. № 1. С. 163–185.

Сибилев Г. О.

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the ways speaker-oriented modality can be expressed in Khwarshi Proper (Tsezic<Avar-Ando-Tsezic<Nakh-Daghestanian). Our field data also serves to fill some data gaps in the grammatical sketch of Khwarshi Proper [Testelets, Khalilova in print]. In this article, we describe hortative, imperative, optative, preventive constructions and the jussive construction with the special marker -ƛο. Several interactive lexemes are addressed as well. The semantic fields of Khwarshi speaker-oriented modality are evaluated with a view to their typological classification and the known areal traits. In particular, our Khwarshi Proper field data demonstrates that both jussive and optative constructions can be used to express blessings / curses. As this feature is not typical for the speaker-oriented modality system of the region, the article suggests that it has emerged as a result of conditional clause insubordination within the optative matrix clause: ‘[let it happen] as if X were…’. Further, this article considers a specific lexeme wole which can be used as an interactive device like the English hey or Russian эй. Interestingly, wole can occur with prohibitives to form preventive constructions. We have also noted a paradigmatic correlation between the rogative marker -(i)ja and imperative constructions in sensu lato.

Keywords: нахско-дагестанские языки, Nakh-Daghestanian, Khwarshi language, speaker-oriented modality, хваршинский язык, локутивная модальность