Псковская «смута» 1665–1666 гг.: почему провалилась посадская реформа А.Л. Ордина-Нащокина?

Российская история. 2025. № 4. С. 24–37.

Аракчеев В. А.

The Ordin-Nashchokin reform was carried out in the context of a long-term confrontation between groups of the urban population of Pskov. It was assumed that as a result of the reform, self-government structures would be created in Pskov, similar to those that existed in the neighboring cities of Polotsk, Vitebsk and Smolensk. The “trigger” of the conflict in the process of reform was an initiative that allowed an excise system for the production and sale of alcohol, similar to that which existed in these cities in 1654–1667. It was not possible to rebuild the settlement on a collegial basis, because in the settlements there existed and were constantly reformatted opposing groups of taxpayers: large wholesale merchants interested in receiving ransoms, and a mass of “middle” people who resisted the dominance of the former and promoted their representatives to the composition of the zemstvo huts. The main reason for the failure of the reform was the unsolvable conflict within the townspeople’s community, which was under the control of the top of the local community. Its representatives controlled foreign trade operations and farms, and were not interested in raising the level of prosperity of the townspeople.

Keywords: акциз, фиск, реформа, Pskov, Псков, tax, посад, reform, excise tax, "posad", tavern, A.L. Ordin-Nashchokin, кабак, А.Л. Ордин-Нащокин

Publication based on the results of: The Russian state as a civilization. History. Institutions. Peoples (2027)