Русские глаголы исчезновения в типологическом контексте

Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды института лингвистических исследований. 2025. № 21.1. С. 34–61.

Albitskiy P., Rakhilina E. V.

The article examines Russian verbs of disappearance analyzing their semantic and syntactic properties. These verbs are classified as “underdetermined predicates” similar to verbs of hiding and searching as they do not specify the exact process of disappearance only indicating its result. Unlike verbs of searching and hiding, verbs of disappearance do not describe associated processes and only denote momentary actions. This distinction sets them apart from verbs describing situations with prolonged processes and predictable outcomes. Using the frame approach to lexical semantics developed by the Moscow Lexical Typology group, the study describes the semantic field of disappearance, identifying its core frames, peripheral structures, and metaphorical extensions. Two core frames are identified: disappearance of specific objects from sight and disappearance of specific objects followed by search for them. Peripheral frames cover disappearance of various substances like fog, smoke, light, etc. and employ more specialized verbs in addition to relevant basic lexemes. The paper also investigates disappearance-related metaphors that have to do with subjects like loss of human/non-human properties, emotions, or more abstract subjects that can include species, social institutions, or various phenomena. An analysis of the underlying basis for each metaphor is provided. Building on the results achieved, a survey was devised and applied to a number of languages including English, Turkish, and Kazakh. The findings were used to generate semantic maps that visually represent the field of disappearance in Russian and Turkish and lay a groundwork for future typological analysis.

Keywords: semantics, семантика, лексическая типология, фреймовый подход, lexical typology, verbs of disappearance, Moscow Lexical Typology group, frame approach to lexical semantics, глаголы исчезновения, московская лексико-типологическая группа