Потребление алкоголя в группах населения с разными доходами: как потребители реагируют на изменение цен?

Население и экономика. 2026. Т. 10. № 1. С. 106–140.

Sadykova E., Kolosnitsyna M.

In recent decades, Russia has pursued an active anti-alcohol policy. This includes the use of price measures (introducing a minimum price for alcohol and increasing excise taxes). However, after 2017, the effectiveness of these measures has declined, and overall alcohol consumption has increased. This study analyzes how people with different income levels respond to changes in the price of alcoholic beverages. Using data from the HSE Russian Long-Term Monitoring Survey (RLMS) and Rosstat from 2011 to 2022, the drinking behavior of the population was analyzed in specific income groups. Two-step Heckman models and instrumental variables were used to calculate the price elasticities of vodka, beer, and dry wine consumption across income groups. The study found that when the prices of vodka, beer, and wine change, responses differ significantly between the wealthiest and least affluent consumer groups. Consumers with the lowest income levels exhibit the lowest price elasticity of vodka consumption (from -0.123 to -0.196, depending on the number of groups considered), while they exhibit the highest price elasticity of wine consumption (from -1.41 to -1.52). Conversely, consumers with higher incomes are more sensitive to price increases for vodka (with elasticities of consumption ranging from -0.235 to -0.273) and less sensitive to price increases for wine (from -0.618 to -0.694).

Keywords: потребление алкоголя, alcohol consumption, модель Хекмана, антиалкогольная политика, price elasticity, ценовая эластичность, Heckman model, anti-alcohol policy