Роль очага инфаркта мозга в определении этиологии ишемического инсульта: обзор литературы

Неврология и нейрохирургия Восточная Европа. 2025. Т. 15. № 3. С. 436–445.

Кулеш А. А., Мехряков С. А., Демин Д. А., Кайлева Н. А., Сыромятникова Л. И., Крапивин С., Kulikova S., Каракулова Ю. В.

The etiology of ischemic stroke is extremely diverse. According to the SSS-TOAST classification, ischemic stroke can be caused by atherosclerotic lesions of large arteries, cardiogenic thromboembolism, occlusion of small arteries (lacunar), other established (dissection, cerebral venous thrombosis, migraine, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, etc.), and unspecified causes. Strokes of unknown etiology may be caused by atrial cardiopathy, paradoxical embolism, cancer-associated embolism, and non-stenotic atherosclerosis. An early identification of the stroke pathogenetic mechanism (typing) allows planning an individualized strategy for secondary prevention, which includes a wide range of pharmaceutical and surgical
methods. The main objective of this article is to formulate typical radiological patterns of the main pathogenetic subtypes of ischemic stroke. The presence of a fairly specific "radiological signature" in the main pathogenetic subtypes of ischemic stroke allows evaluating the focus-oriented approach for establishing the stroke etiology as very promising one, which is especially important in the first days of a patient’s hospitalization

Keywords: brain lesion, очаг, ischemic stroke, pattern, паттерн, ишемический инсульт, этиология, МРТ, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)