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Cognitive flexibility and cognitive demands: An eye tracking investigation
Ch. 37. P. 1–3.
Cognitive flexibility is crucial for adapting behavior to shifting demands, particularly in tasks with varying cognitive requirements. This study examines the relationship between cognitive flexibility levels and eye movement parameters across six difficulty levels. Results show that highly flexible individuals consistently outperform those with lower flexibility, demonstrating more fixations, shorter fixation durations, and reduced blinking. Notable differences in eye movement patterns become apparent at the highest difficulty levels (5-6), emphasizing the importance of switching abilities in complex cognitive tasks. These findings offer new perspectives on psychophysiological measurements of higher-order cognition, with significant implications for cognitive theory.
In book
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2025.
Zhanna Chuikova, Izmalkova A., Myachykov A. et al., Psychological Research 2026 Vol. 90 Article 19
Cognitive flexibility (CF) allows individuals to adapt their behavior to changing environmental demands. As task complexity increases, CF may substantially impact performance by facilitating a shift towards more efficient information processing strategies. However, its role in tasks with high cognitive demands remains largely unexplored. Furthermore, while CF is associated with inhibitory control and working memory ...
Added: January 13, 2026
Kruchinina A. P., I. S. Polikanova, Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics 2025 Vol. 22 No. 3 P. 473–488
Biathlon shooting is one of the most cru cial aspects that determines an athlete's success. Several factors can affect shoot ing performance. This research was aimed at studying a range of eye and head movement parameters in biathletes of different skill levels as well as in novices in order to identify the most rel evant and ...
Added: October 3, 2025
Zdorova N., Kozlovskaia D., , in: ETRA '25: Proceedings of the 2025 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications.: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2025. Ch. 35.
Added: June 4, 2025
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2025.
The 2025 ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (ETRA) will be held in Tokyo, Japan from May 26 to May 29, 2025. The aim of ETRA is to bring together researchers and practitioners from across fields with the common goal of continuing to move eye tracking research forward. Join us in Tokyo for ...
Added: June 4, 2025
Artemenko E., Вестник Томского государственного университета. Филология 2025 № 96 С. 5–29
Valence plays a significant role in communication, influencing the perception, processing, and retention of verbal stimuli. Research in cognitive linguistics indicates that the emotional tone of verbal stimuli affects cognitive processing and reading behavior. For example, words with strong valence — both positive and negative — increase visual attention, as reflected in longer fixation durations. ...
Added: April 18, 2025
Bashmakova I., Sherbakova O., Frontiers in Psychology 2021 Vol. 12 Article 663881
Creativity is a crucial prerequisite for innovation, successful problem solving, and self-expression, but how do we affect creative thinking in a positive way? The present study investigated the effects of open monitoring meditation (OMM) on creativity. We proposed that OMM will benefit creativity in metaphor production by cognitive flexibility (CF) enhancement. In the main study, ...
Added: March 26, 2025
Chuikova Z., Faber A., Filatov A. et al., Behavioral and Brain Functions 2025 Vol. 21 Article 40
Cognitive flexibility—the ability to adaptively shift between different mental processes—is essential for human functioning. This meta-analysis examines age-related changes in neural correlates of cognitive flexibility using two common assessments: the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (rule-discovery) and Task-Switching Paradigm (rule-retrieval). We synthesized findings from 85 articles comprising 118 experiments with 2246 participants across young, middle-age, and ...
Added: February 22, 2025
Signayevskaya K., Gorbunova E. S., Психологические исследования: электронный научный журнал 2024 Т. 17 № 97 Статья 5
The present study investigates the contextual cueing effect under different levels of object working memory (WM) load. According to this effect, repeated exposure to a particular configuration of target objects and distractors leads to a decrease in target retrieval time. At the same time, subjects could not distinguish between «old» and «new» configurations, suggesting that ...
Added: November 2, 2024
I.S. Polikanova, Sabaev D., Bulaeva N. I. et al., Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 2024 Vol. 17 No. 3 Article 1
Background. The study of eye-movement strategies of athletes of various disciplines and skill levels is highly significant for sports psychology, since the results can be used in training to improve performance. Such studies are extremely scarce for ice hockey.
Objective. To determine successful eye-movement strategies for ice hockey players compared to wrestlers and controls (non-athletes) during ...
Added: October 20, 2024
Artemenko E., Житкова А. А., Alenina E. et al., В кн.: Сборник тезисов XXIV съезда физиологического общества им. И. П. Павлова, 11–15 сентября 2023 года.: СПб.: ООО "Издательство ВВМ", 2023.
Поиск поведенческих и нейрофизиологических коррелятов психических процессов является одним из ключевых этапов в автоматизации их атрибуции методами машинного обучения (при создании классификаторов). Эффект предвзятости подтверждения (confirmation bias effect) относится к классу когнитивных искажений принятия решений и широко представлен в литературе: информация воспринимается как более достоверная, если она подтверждает личные убеждения, и наоборот. В ряде исследований ...
Added: October 7, 2024
Ганичева А. А., Polikanova I., Панфилова Е. А. et al., Ученые записки университета им. П.Ф. Лесгафта 2024 № 9(235) С. 123–127
Analysis of eye movements in sports is one of the perspective methods of both diagnostics of athletes' skill level and training of cognitive aspects of professionally important qualities in specific sports, including biathlon. The article presents a study on the systematization and analysis of data on the use of eye movement registration systems in biathlon. ...
Added: October 5, 2024
Матчев Е. Г., Таланцева О. И., Momotenko D., Современная зарубежная психология 2024 Т. 13 № 2 С. 22–32
Executive functions are a set of high-level cognitive processes that regulate human behavior and cognition, and are necessary for adaptive and goal-directed behavior. The error monitoring process can be considered as a condition preceding the enhancement or activation of executive control. The neural correlate of this condition is the error-related negativity (ERN). This article presents ...
Added: September 30, 2024
Zhanna V. Chuikova, Andrei A. Filatov, Andrei Y. Faber et al., Brain Imaging and Behavior 2025 Vol. 19 No. 1 P. 50–71
Cognitive flexibility allows individuals to switch between different tasks, strategies, or ideas; an ability that is important for everyday life. The Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and task switching paradigm (TSP) are popular measures of cognitive flexibility. Although both tasks require switching, the TSP requires participants to memorize switching rules and retrieve them when they ...
Added: September 4, 2024
Portnova G., Guzal Khayrullina, Martynova O., Psychophysiology 2024 Vol. 61 Article e14549
Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is commonly observed in various mental disorders, particularly when individuals engage in prolonged cognitive- emotional tasks that require ANS adjustment to workload. Although the understanding of the temporal dynamics of sympathetic and parasympathetic tones in obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) is limited, analyzing ANS reac-tions to cognitive- emotional workload ...
Added: March 7, 2024
Izmalkova A., Ржешевская А., Languages and Modalities 2022 Vol. 2 P. 19–26
The study explores the effects of graphological and semantic foregrounding on speech and gaze behavior in textual information construal of subjects with higher and lower impulsivity. Eye movements of sixteen participants were recorded as they read drama texts with interdiscourse switching (semantic foregrounding), with features of typeface distinct from the surrounding text (graphological foregrounding). Discourse ...
Added: February 13, 2024
Lopukhina A., Zdorova N., Staroverova V. et al., /. 2022.
In this study, we investigated eye movements during silent reading in 222 typically developing Russian children from grades 1 through 6. First, we established eye-movement benchmarks and detected two periods (between grades 1-2 and grades 3-4) when reading development was the fastest. We compared the basic eye-movement measures in children to those in adults and ...
Added: February 12, 2024
G. M. Khayrullina, Panfilova E. A., O. V. Martynova, Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova 2023 Vol. 73 No. 3 P. 411–424
Introduction. Impulsivity, manifested in the difficulty of suppressing certain actions, is often associated
with increased anxiety. Depending on the level of impulsivity, individuals with higher anxiety
react differently to tasks requiring inhibitory control. The anti-saccade task is one of the psychophysiological
approaches to assessing visual attention and inhibitory control. This study aimed to
test a hypothesis that individuals with ...
Added: May 31, 2023
Ledneva T., Kovalev A., Procedia Computer Science 2021 Vol. 192 P. 2720–2730
Interaction with digital text permeates practically all types of educational, professional and leisure activities of modern life. The effective working with digital instructions and materials determines the success in solving a number of real problems. At the same time, the negative impact of overly complex digital environments on learning outcomes, work efficiency, and subjective well-being ...
Added: April 27, 2023
Chuikova Z., Faber A., В кн.: Материалы Международного молодежного научного форума «ЛОМОНОСОВ-2022».: М.: МАКС Пресс, 2022.
Cognitive flexibility is broadly defined as a mental ability to switch between mental sets, operations or different task rules. This ability in an executive functions (EF) which are supported by a superordinate cognitive control network (CCN) which include frontoparietal network and the cinguloopercular network. However, the majority of research focuses on task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), therefore the ...
Added: April 19, 2023
Kovalev A., Elsevier, 2021.
Interaction with digital text permeates practically all types of educational, professional and leisure activities of modern life. The effective working with digital instructions and materials determines the success in solving a number of real problems. At the same time, the negative impact of overly complex digital environments on learning outcomes, work efficiency, and subjective well-being ...
Added: March 27, 2023