Мониторинг соблюдения трудовых прав в рамках Всеобщей системы преференций США

Российский юридический журнал. 2026. № 3(168). С. 150–167.

Zhilkin A.

The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) enables developed nations to reduce or eliminate import tariffs for developing and least-developed countries. The United States GSP program links preferential market access to beneficiary compliance with a specific set of labour rights, establishing a framework of trade conditionality. This conditionality aims to leverage US trade influence to promote international labour standards, although its success depends heavily on the effectiveness of monitoring mechanisms. This article analyzes the legal architecture and operational functioning of the labour rights monitoring system within the US GSP. The research objectives are to: 1) characterize the US GSP labour standard conditionality model; 2) analyze the institutional structure and procedures of the monitoring system; 3) identify merits and limitations through a case study of the partial withdrawal of Thailand's trade benefits; 4) propose recommendations for system enhancement. The study employs a qualitative methodology, combining the analysis of legal and policy documents with a case study approach. The analysis reveals that the US GSP monitoring system is de facto partially based on International Labour Organization (ILO) standards, despite the absence of explicit links in domestic trade law. The case of Thailand highlights a shift toward targeted responses to systematic labour violations, balancing sanction effectiveness with the mitigation of excessive negative economic impact. However, key limitations include the lack of positive conditionality and the United States' own non-ratification of fundamental ILO conventions.

Keywords: права человека, international trade, торговая политика, human rights, trade policy, labour rights, торговые преференции, United States, Соединенные Штаты Америки, трудовые права, Международная торговля, Всеобщая система преференций, мониторинг соблюдения прав человека, human rights monitoring, trade preferences, Generalised System of Preferences

Publication based on the results of: International protection of economic rights in the context of sanctions (2025)