Элементы сборки северной неформальной рыбалки: солидарность, нормы, горбуша, семга

Этнографическое обозрение. 2024. № 6. С. 152–174.

Сергеев А. М., Коткин К. Я., Воронов В. М., Симонова В. В.

Informal fishing (informal fishing) in the Murmansk region is analyzed by referring to the concept of M. Delanda, associated with the construction of horizontal ontology as an alternative to the traditional vertical constructions that advocate a hierarchical understanding of the world and the exclusivity of man. M. Delanda's horizontal ontology allows the authors to consider different-level components of fishing in two interdependent axes: 1) “material-expressive”; 2) “synthetic-variant”. These axes allow us to analyze the problem of the lack of positive attitude to the abundance of pink salmon, which is one of the most significant material components of the assemblage of informal fishing in the Murmansk region. The theoretical explication of this problem is associated with the possibility of synthesizing material elements that themselves relate to different spheres of life. Historical and spatial plots show different aspects of the relationship between the material and the expressive in the assembly of fishing, and also reveal the specificity of the Murmansk region and the possibility of scaling the informal practices of the North. The situation with pink salmon as an introducer demonstrated the exteriority of the Northern fishing assemblage. The figure of the salmon, occupying a position between the material and the expressive, stabilizes the identity of the Northern informal fishing assembly and embodies the community's identification with place and history. Solidarity sets the patterns of behavior that define not only “one's own” and “others”, but also relations with other elements of the assembly. Informal norms reflect notions of the “golden mean” in fishing in the North. The connection with history and place, manifested through identification, opens up the possibility of changing the agency of pink salmon in terms of expressiveness.

Keywords: неформальная экономика, антропология нормы, informal economy, общественная солидарность, small-scale fisheries, Manuel DeLanda, Мануэль Деланда, Мурманская область, Murmansk region, pink salmon, озерное рыболовство