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Circassian relatives: a contribution to the synchronic and diachronic typology of the externally/internally-headed relative clause distinction

Studies in Language. 2026. Vol. 50. No. 1. P. 33–67.
Lander Y.

This paper documents relative clause constructions in the polysynthetic Circassian languages of the West Caucasian family and attempts to establish diachronic links between them. It is shown that the Circassian languages possess both externally-headed and internally-headed relative clauses, with the latter having semantic heads that are interpreted outside of the relative clause. In addition, these languages have constructions which cannot be unequivocally assigned to one type or the other, and have properties of both. This paper suggests that there is a diachronic explanation for this, but also argues that the contrast between externally-headed and internally-headed relative clauses is not as clear-cut as is usually assumed in the typological literature.

Research target: Philology and Linguistics
Language: English
Full text
DOI
Keywords: Northwest Caucasian languageslanguages of the CaucasusCaucasian languagesCircassian languagesNorthwest Caucasianrelative clause
Publication based on the results of:
Linguistic and cognitive diversity in formal models, computer tools, and educational resources (2025)
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