Реконструкции палеопожаров в бассейне верхнего Дона в позднем голоцене

Известия РАН. Серия географическая. 2024. Т. 88. № 1. С. 64 – 76.

Kupriyanov D., Волкова Е. М., Миронов В. В., Леонова О. А., Чепурная А. А., Novenko E.

Reconstruction of the fire frequency on the area of the “Kulikovo Battlefield” Museum-Reserve (Upper Don River basin, Mid-Russian Upland) over the past 4,000 years has been carried out on the base of paleoantracological analysis (study of macroscopic charcoal particles with a linear size more than 100 μm) in the peat core from Podkosmovsky mire, which was obtained the status of a specially protected natural area in 2013. The obtained results of macroscopic charcoal analysis were compared with the published quantitative forest coverage reconstructions and vegetation dynamics in the region, palynological data and archaeological materials. The results of the study showed low fire activity on the area of the “Kulikovo Battlefield” between 4000 and 1500 cal. (calibrated) years BP and the increasing accumulation of macroscopic charcoal particles in the Middle Ages. The highest frequency of forest fires and high values of the charcoal accumulation rate in peat were revealed for the period of 900-300 cal. years BP. The relationship between the periods of increased charcoal influx and climatic changes in the late Holocene has not been established, however, a clear coincidence has been revealed between the interval of increased charcoal accumulation in peat and the stages of human activity in the region, confirmed by numerous archaeological findings.  

Keywords: pollen analysis, спорово-пыльцевой анализ, macroscopic charcoal, торф, fire return interval, межпожарный интервал, forest coverage, analysis of plant macro remains, peat deposit, paleoantracological analysis, анализ макроостатков, лесистость, макрочастицы угля, палеоантракологический анализ