Book chapter
From Drive To Need and Further: What is human motivation about
This chapter gives an overview of the evolution of explanatory models of the fundamentals of human motivation throughout the last century: from the concepts of instinct and drive to basic needs, and from the lists of biologically rooted needs to the discovery of non-biological, social, and existential imperatives to human behavior. The integrative model, proposed by the author, distinguishes three qualitatively different levels of individual-world relationships: the biological existence, the social existence, and the personal existence. Objective meta-necessities inherent in each level (including the actualization of potentialities and relating to the environment; social belongingness and integration; self-determination and autonomous choice) underlie special needs relevant to
this particular level.
In book
A global focusing on a sustainable economy requires redirection of corporate governance toward sustainability. One of the important ways for management is a quality management as it is focused on continuous improvement of all business processes and therefore – contribute to long-term performance. The basic problems in this case are the searching for the most effective organizational model of quality achievement and the reasons for firm to implement quality management system (QMS) which is relevant to its sustainable business perspective. Insufficiency of the problem development of companies’ stimulation to implement QMS ISO 9000, make the paper urgent. The purpose of the study is an examination of the motivation for QMS ISO 9000 implementation for the emerging economies firms. The informational base of empirical cross country analysis was 2002–2009 data of Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) of WB and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Study targets are the firms, which have implemented QMS ISO 9000 and located in the three groups of countries: the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), new members of the EU countries and countries of the Southern Europe - not EU members. The main finding is the identification of similarities and differences in motivations of firms from the tree groups emerging economies, which has implemented QMS ISO 9000.
The present study aims to identify the relationship between intellectual abilities and the motives of occupational choice. Results of the study suggest what motives of occupational choice related to the level of certain intellectual abilities. So, for example, the negative connection between the level of mathematical abilities and the “career”, “confidence” and “authority” motives were found. The level of the “formallogic” ability is negatively related to the “joining”, “confidence” and “public benefit” motives. Most of the identified interrelations are negative. In particular, it was shown that respondents with the lower levels of intellectual abilities assessed the importance of majority motives much higher than respondents with the higher levels of various abilities in our sample. A new method intended to identify different motives of occupational choice was developed during this work. According to its results the factor structure of occupational choice motives has been obtained.
The aim of applying new IC technologies is to enhance the teaching process. The article is focused on analysis of ICT merits to overcome the obstacles most students face; to extend the scope of methods and provide proper facilities for self-study. The consideration of these issues is urgent in compliance with upgrading reforms concerning higher education in Russia. The article describes the practical value and capability of wiki-technologies and other Internet resources as to teaching foreign languages in non-linguistic universities. These technologies provide the opportunity for feedbackand supervision. The empirical basis of the work justifies the range of their facilities to assist to form and develop communicative competence.
The present article contains an analysis of problems typical of scientific direction of Ph. D. studies. These problems include: financial and career motivation of scientific advisors (instead of scientific goals), insufficient understanding of functions that a scientific advisor must fulfill and lack of competence. Solutions of these problems are proposed.
The first part of this book is devoted to the old problem of fundamental motivations that can hardly be approached in another way, other than theoretically. The second part of the book is devoted to new or rather marginal concepts that seem capable to enrich general models of motivational processes. Part three of the book deals with the issues of self-regulation and self-determination; in the last two decades the problems of motivation can be hardly dealt with without touching these issues. The focus of the last part of the book is cultural context and cultural mediation of motivation. This book was planned not as a collection of discoveries to be considered, but rather as a collection of nontrivial views that may turn helpful for making a better sense of the discoveries actually made. (Imprint: Nova)