Book chapter
Рождаемость и планирование семьи в России: новейшие тенденции в свете результатов микропереписи населения 2015 г. и на фоне долговременных процессов
The Chapter is devoted to the analysis of the current situation in the field of fertility and family planning in Russia against the background of long-term evolution of the main demographic processes. Special attention is paid to the results of the 2015 micro-census.
In book
Fertility transition in Russia had been completed up to the 1960s, but since then pregnancy termination remained playing a large role in birth control. Official statistics show the positive dynamics of main characteristics of reproductive health in the post-Soviet period. This development is often questioned. Based on the analysis of data from Rosstat, Russian Ministry of Health, and materials from sample surveys, mostly from 21 waves of "Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics "(RLMS-HSE) we conclude that the official statistics of abortion are adequate. The article refutes the assumption of significant underreporting of abortions in Russia. Over the past few decades Russia has experienced contraceptive revolution, which led to a more humane way of birth control.
Die »Pille« und ihre globalen Auswirkungen. Die »Pille« veränderte die Welt. Im Osten wie im Westen entwickelte sie sich zum zentralen Symbol einer »sexuellen Revolution«, stellte die überkommenen Normengefüge in Frage und die Machtverhältnisse der Geschlechter auf den Kopf - mit weitreichenden Folgen. Ihre Markteinführung Anfang der sechziger Jahre geriet zu einer fundamentalen Herausforderung: nicht nur für die Frauen und Männer auf allen Kontinenten, für ihr Sexualleben und für ihre Familienplanung. Herausgefordert fühlten sich auch die Hüter traditioneller Werte in Politik, Religion und Kultur. Manche Gesellschaften hießen das Pharmazeutikum der Moderne willkommen, andere verweigerten sich strikt.
Russia’s declining birth rate is linked to a delay in a family’s decision to have children and to uncertainty about the place of children in a couple’s relationship. Despite the rise of individualism and the importance of career and self-realization, however, the family retains a very important place in Russian society.
In the article authors use the vital birh and death registration data on 10 regions exctracted from the Rosstat database to evaluate an input of international migrant into Russian fertility and mortality levels.
The authors discuss social and demographic processes in the rural regions of the Russian Near North and, first of all, in the Kostroma region – one of the socially problematic regions in the Russian Federation. In the article, the attention is focused on the analysis of mechanisms and assessment of scales of the depopulation: high mortality, migration of youth and middle aged people to the cities, deformations in age and gender structure with prevalence of the elderly population and a small share of children. The authors state essential distinctions of demographic indicators between municipalities in the Kostroma region and emphasize importance of social and demographic research on a basic municipal level. Indicators of the low life expectancy, high mortality caused by external reasons (alcoholism, murders, suicides, etc.), and high migration of youth are seen as the objective indicators of social problems in the local communities. It demands special attention on the part of the government authorities that plan social programs and take administrative decisions.