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The Aorist / Perfect distinction in Nizh Udi
P. 120–165.
The paper considers the two main synthetic past tenses in Udi and argues that they should be identified as the aorist (‘perfective past’) and the perfect (‘past with present relevance’) respectively. While the former is the main means of foregounding in discourse, the latter has the prototypical ‘current relevance’ meaning, and is also used with experiential and resultative functions. The perfect is also the source for the pluperfect, derived by means of the “retrospective shift” enclitic. The hypothesis put forward in the paper deals with the putative grammaticalization paths of the two forms: most probably, the aorist was based on the perfective converb, and the perfect on the construction with the perfective participle. The evidence for such a development is both typological / comparative (especially stemming from the data of genetically related languages) and language-specific. In particular, it is the perfect in Udi that has a special negative construction involving a perfective participle and a postpositional negation, which may point at the participle as a diachronic source of this particular form.
In book
Vol. 16. , Leiden: Brill, 2018.
Баркова Л. А., Родной язык: лингвистический журнал 2026 № 1 С. 9–58
This article examines the syntax of constructions with aspectual verbs in Sakha (a.k.a. Yakut). Such constructions contain two predicates: a lexical verb which is a converb, and a finite aspectual verb that conveys some grammatical meaning. The syntax of such constructions has already been studied for some other Turkic languages. The pre‑ sent research examines ...
Added: July 23, 2026
Maisak T., Word Structure 2026 Vol. 19 No. 2-3 P. 338–367
In a situation when two or more grammaticalization targets in one language are phonologically identical but functionally distinct, neither polygrammaticalization nor accidental syncretism can be ruled out, especially if we are dealing with a language without historical attestations. In the present paper, I present a detailed account of the coexistence of two homophonous grammatical markers ...
Added: July 9, 2026
Maisak T., Transactions of the Philological Society 2026 Vol. 124 No. 2 P. 386–427
This paper presents a first typological study of a particular type of imperative interjections, namely interjections with the meaning ‘here, take it!’ used by a speaker when they ask the addressee to take something from the speaker's hands (often combined with a gesture of giving). The sample of languages is both geographically and genealogically restricted ...
Added: July 9, 2026
Kosheleva M., Ural-Altaic Studies 2026 No. 2(61 P. 21–54
This paper is devoted to the Kildin Saami inferential evidential Perfect. I show that the inferential evidential Perfect requires the re sult of the inferred situation to exist at the evidence acquisition time (EAT) or at the utterance time (UT). The type of result required to exist depends on the verb’s actional interpretation: if the ...
Added: July 2, 2026
Nikishina E., Russian Linguistics 2026 Т. 50 Статья 4
The article examines the words фигушки and хренушки (derivatives of the vulgar words фиг and хрен) as specific means of expressing negation in Russian colloquial speech. They have two main uses: first, they function as an independent response – a refusal to do something (– Лучше вылезай! – Фигушки, вы драться будете ‘– You’d better get out! – No ...
Added: March 9, 2026
Poliakova E., RHEMA. РЕМА 2024 № 1 С. 28–60
Equasimilative constructions belong to the semantic field of comparison,
but have been studied to a much less extent than comparative constructions.
There are practically no areal-typological studies in this area. This paper focuses on equasimilative constructions in Khwarshi proper (Nakh-Dagestanian).
Additionally, it provides an overview of equasimilative constructions
in the languages of the Caucasus to determine the parameters that ...
Added: November 16, 2025
Letuchiy A., Russian Linguistics 2025 Т. 49 № 2 Статья 2
The article discusses types of interpretation that Russian complex sentences with factive,implicative and interpretation verbs get under negation and modal operators. By default,the external negative and modal context affects only the main situation. However, one findsexceptions of this rule. We call ‘transparent readings’ those readings in which the exter-nal context affects semantically both the matrix ...
Added: November 5, 2025
Filatov K., Томский журнал лингвистических и антропологических исследований 2025 № 4(50) С. 75–86
The article is dedicated to the typology of temporal mobility, that is the ability of verbal forms to have temporal opposition. Based on several Andic languages (< Avar-Andic-Tsezic < Nakh-Dagestanian), two formal subtypes of temporal mobility are introduced. The first subtype, — symmetric mobility, assumes that the basic and the past forms are equally marked, ...
Added: August 21, 2025
Ermolova M., Moroz G., Slovĕne 2024 Т. 13 № 2 С. 157–183
The paper comperes the functioning of the shi-forms in two Pskov dialects and one Smolensk dialect. Participial forms have different predicative functions in the Pskov dialects: they are used for marking not only a perfective action, but also a consecutive action and a main predicate in the adverbial clause. The Smolensk dialect differs from Pskov ...
Added: April 4, 2025
Volkov O., Известия РАН. Серия литературы и языка 2023 Т. 82 № 4 С. 82–90
In the present paper I make several observations on the semantics of Russian particle uzhe and alike. I suggest that contrastivity effect is central to its semantics. Crosslinguistically, such particles tend to develop into perfect markers in the course of grammaticalization process. I argue that it is exactly the presence of contrastive meaning in the ...
Added: February 13, 2025
Strizhak U., Урало-алтайские исследования 2024 № 3(54) С. 84–107
This article deals with Japanese resultatives in terms of the degree of prototypical agentive characteristics expressed by their participants. The research material was Japanese lexical verb pairs with regular semantic correspondence, in which an intransitive verb is opposed by a transitive verb. Such semantic pairing makes it possible to compare aspectual verb constructions with different ...
Added: January 31, 2025
Melenchenko M., Индоиранские языки 2025 Т. 1 № 1 С. 50–88
The article presents a comparative review of Pluperfects in Pamir languages, describing both structural and semantic properties of these forms. The data comes from the existing grammatical descriptions as well as recent work with speakers of contemporary Shughni and Ishkashimi conducted in Tajikistan. In the majority of Pamir languages (Bartangi, Roshorvi, Wakhi, Ishkashimi, Sanglechi, Yazghulami), ...
Added: December 27, 2024
Rudnev P., Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 2024 Vol. 9 No. 1 P. 1–21
I argue that particular restrictions on the recoverability of elided negation in fragment answers in negative-concord languages follow from the semantics of questions. Drawing parallels with other ellipsis phenomena, I also highlight the role of Agree in making certain elided heads recoverable. This invalidates a major argument against the analysis of negative-concord items as universal ...
Added: June 11, 2024
Maisak T., , in: Songs and Trees: Papers in Memory of Sasha Vydrina.: СПб.: Институт лингвистических исследований РАН, 2023. P. 363–424.
Dedicated focus constructions have been identified as an important means of managing information structure in Nakh-Daghestanian languages. In a typical focus construction, a focalizing element, which is often a grammatical marker with another basic function, is placed immediately after the focused constituent. Being present in many languages of the family, focus constructions are subject to ...
Added: February 3, 2024
Melenchenko M., Вопросы языкознания 2023 № 6 С. 120–137
This paper describes the semantics of one of the verb forms in Shughni, traditionally called Perfect. This form displays many areally-motivated typological similarities with perfects in other languages of Western and Central Asia. In particular, Shughni has developed an evidential opposition between the Preterite and the Perfect, in which the Perfect is used for non-witnessed ...
Added: December 27, 2023
Plungian V., Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды института лингвистических исследований 2016 Т. 12 № 2 С. 7–36
Статья открывает сборник статей, посвященный типологии глагольной граммемы перфекта в языках мира. Отмечается, что можно выделить три круга проблем, связанных с типологическим описанием перфекта. Первая и самая очевидная сложность – это определение семантики соответствующих глагольных показателей. Сущности, отождествляемые как перфект, демонстрируют высокую степень полисемии, контексты их употреблений в разных языках, как правило, не совпадают, иногда ...
Added: November 11, 2023
Plungian V., Урманчиева А. Ю., Slovĕne 2017 Т. 6 № 2 С. 13–56
Перфект, как известно, является одной из самых загадочных форм старославянского языка, семантика которой упорно не поддается описанию. Старославянские тексты представляют собой переводы (прежде всего — с греческого), и в них в значительной степени наблюдается калькирование как в сфере лексики, так и в сфере грамматических форм и конструкций. Но именно перфект нарушает эту картину: соответствия перфектных ...
Added: November 11, 2023
Plungian V., Урманчиева А. Ю., Slavisticna Revija 2018 Т. 66 № 4 С. 421–440
В работе предпринята попытка приблизиться к пониманию семантики старославянского перфекта — аналитической глагольной формы, состоящей из l-причастия смыслового глагола и вспомогательного глагола byti в презенсе. Выделены типичные контексты употребления данной формы; основной задачей исследования является оценка получившегося «семантического портрета» старославянского перфекта с точки зрения типологических ожиданий, сформировавшихся в отношении перфектных форм в языках мира. Показано, ...
Added: November 11, 2023
Kuvshinskaya Y. M., Труды института русского языка им. В.В. Виноградова 2024 № 2(40) С. 150–174
The paper is devoted to the question of the use of pronouns of the libo-series in the context of the direct negation. The question remains highly controversial, despite fundamental research on the semantics of indefinite pronouns. The study is based on the data of the Russian National Corpus and in the Corpus of Russian Student ...
Added: October 25, 2023
Меленченко Максим, Конча Кирилл, Добрушина Нина., В кн.: Songs and Trees: Papers in Memory of Sasha Vydrina.: СПб.: Институт лингвистических исследований РАН, 2023. С. 451–484.
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Added: September 27, 2023
Maisak T., Journal of Endangered Languages 2023 Vol. 13 No. 22 P. 55–72
The paper presents an overview of Udi, a Nakh-Daghestanian language of the Lezgic branch and an indigenous language of Azerbaijan. After a general introduction about the Udi people and their language, I focus on the history of the study of Udi and Caucasian Albanian, on the development of modern writing systems for Udi, as well ...
Added: August 20, 2023
Ermolova M., Slovĕne 2022 Т. 11 № 1 С. 245–280
The article analyzes the hypothesis about the participial functioning of the l-form in the history of the Russian language in the light of Russian dialectal data and the material of the other Slavic languages. Many facts that confirm this hypothesis are found both in Russian dialects and Slavic languages. The first part of the paper ...
Added: January 27, 2023