?
The place of Russia in the Entrepreneurship and Innovative Development of BRICS countries
P. 191–200.
Gusarova S.
The development of entrepreneurship and innovations in BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and the Republic of South Africa) is an important factor of steady rise of the national economies. Over the next 50 years the BRICS economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China and the Republic of South Africa) could become the driving force in the world economy. China and India, respectively, will become the dominant global suppliers of goods and services while Brazil and Russia will become similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials. The share of GDP of BRICS countries in 2012 was 27% of global economy. The leading position among BRICS countries in the Global Competitiveness Index is held by China (29 place out of 148 economies). Sustained innovation-led growth would help Russia to solve the problem – in 2020 Russia is dreaming to take 20th place (moving up from 64th place from now) in the Global Competitiveness Index. China tops the list of BRICS economies. The growth of BRICS countries will be promoted by an active introduction of innovation. The development of scientific and technical potential is promoted by the increasing of the investment's role as the catalyst of scientific researches. The main attention is paid to the state-private partnership in the formation of scientific and technical potential. The essence of R&D spending in BRICS countries, their value in the world economy, main concepts of investment in the innovations are defined in the article. The share of BRICS countries in the world expenses on research and development in 2013 was more than 23%. China’s investment is now about 68,8% that of the BRICS and 61% of U.S. . In 2018 China will surpass the combined R&D spending of Europe’s 34 countries and by 2022 China’s R&D spending is expected to surpass U.S. and reach about $600 billion in R&D. China intends to evolve from manufacturing model to an innovation-based economy. As on R&D's expenses and innovative development, Russia is considerably lags behind China, India and Brazil. The Russia’s R&D financing was more than 7 times less that of China and 10% less that of India. The growth of R&D investments in BRICS economies was in information technology research, life science research, cost-effective energy-related research and development, high-performance computing, software, chemicals and advanced materials research. Special attention is paid to the expansion of scientific researches and the development connected with nanotechnologies. To maintain BRICS countries competitiveness, the quality of the educational system needs to be improved further. The increasing of the education level is the important factor of the innovative development of BRICS countries. Among 500 best universities of the world in 2013 there were 38 universities of BRICS countries, including 15 – of China, 8 – of Russia, 6 – of India, 16 – of Brazil, 3 – of South Africa. The main problems of the development of Russia’s economy are: poor financing of scientific research works, reducing number of scientific researchers in Russia, low level of cooperation between universities and industrial companies.
In book
Nicosia: ICEIRD, 2014.