Book
ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫЕ ДАННЫЕ: ПОТРЕБНОСТИ ЭКОНОМИКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ
Spatial Data: the Needs of the Economy in the Context of Digitalization / E. Belogurova, V. Vorobyev, O. Gvozdev et al.; The Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography; National Research University Higher School of Economics; Institute for Scientifi c Research of Aerospace Monitoring ”AEROCOSMOS“. – Moscow: HSE, 2020.
An array DBMS streamlines large N-d array management. A large portion of such arrays originates from the geospatial domain. The arrays often natively come as raster files while standalone command line tools are one of the most popular ways for processing these files. Decades of development and feedback resulted in numerous feature-rich, elaborate, free and quality-assured tools optimized mostly for a single machine. ChronosDB partially delegates in situ data processing to such tools and offers a formal N-d array data model to abstract from the files and the tools. ChronosDB readily provides a rich collection of array operations at scale and outperforms SciDB by up to 75× on average.
In this paper, one of the technologies that have emerged on the wave of the Fourth Industrial (Digital) Revolution - Blochein, and possible prospects for implementation in the railway industry is considered. Like other digital technologies, it has great potential, so in the railway industry, Blockchine can provide high efficiency of processing and storing information.
This article contains a description of the methodology and the first results of a study conducted with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (2020–2022). The aim of the interdisciplinary project is to analyze the problems of managing educational relations during the period of digital transformation. The focus of this article is the topic of digitalization of education, in particular, the problem of transformation of relations in the field of education during the transition of the system from traditional to digital. We consider the digitalization of education as a qualitatively new stage in the development of multisubject relations in the educational system. The topic of the transformation of interactions between participants in the educational process is disclosed in the article on the basis of data collected in the framework of a large-scale pedagogical experiment – the project “Learn to learn”. The sample includes more than 1000 students from schools in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. Analysis of the collected data gives the researcher the ability to predict behavior and identify problems in communication between various subjects of relations. A change in the attitude of students to their own educational action is reinforced by a change in the role of the teacher in the complex interaction “student–computer–teacher”.
The relevance of the research topic is due to the formation of a new trend in the development of the education system – digitalization of education, changing the paradigm of educational relations. The process of digitalization of the economy in General and education in particular, as stated in the strategic documents of Federal level in the last two decades and up to 2024, has received a sudden acceleration on the background of quarantine measures spring 2020 and the massive transfer of participants of educational relations in an online format. This topic requires special study, as it is unique in the context of the transformation of relations in any field of human activity, and, especially, in the context of human relations going beyond the analog "offline" world to the "online"world.
The rapid growth of geospatial data in the world enables the implementation of data mining techniques to mine the patterns in geospatial data. In this paper the authors have applied the algorithms that were previously used for mining slightly changing patterns in time series to geospatial data of the real estate market. So the paper discusses mining the patterns that slightly change in space (instead of time). The paper uses data on the real estate market. The predicted variable (square meter price) is analyzed respective to the district, distance to the city center, stations of public transport, highways, shops, sports, entertainment, healthcare, education centers, offices, parks etc. The proposed approach for mining slightly changing patterns in geospatial data is highly applicable to any data with geo-tag, e.g. space image recognition, geo-targeted marketing etc.
Governmental support in the formation of economic and intellectual potential of Kuzbass contributes to more comfortable conditions for development of business and improvement of life quality of the population. Strategic branding tools are an effective mechanism which allows building up long-term and trusting relationship with the local people and introducing certain values. The effect of external shocks including the COVID-19 pandemics on the functioning of social and economic spheres also reveal the necessity of their structural transformation and the need for raising digitalization level. The authors of the article suggest a number of strategic initiatives aimed at improving the business reputation of Kuzbass. Kuzbass Trading House can become a centre for promoting Russian hi-tech companies abroad, presenting investment projects. It also can act as an integrator of international engineering projects and a driver for technology transfer. As digitalization tends to spread wider and wider the authors suggest creating an electronic platform «KuzbassTrade» to improve the performance of Kuzbass Trading Centre and build the financial stability of the region. The platform will function as a virtual presentation of products, services and technologies of local representatives of corporate and scientific sectors. State institution «Agency for Investments Attraction and Protection» and leading higher educational institutions and research organizations of Kuzbass should strategically take direct part in creating a unified chain for determining innovative technologies to be implemented (including patent landscape and market niche analysis) and form investment package offers for building new manufactures and consortiums.
The article presents the guidelines of the competency modeling methodology invariant to subject domain, type of activities and psycho-pedagogical platform. The core of this methodology is systematics of the expandable metamodels adaptable to application conditions by profiling mechanism. The methodology is aimed at creating conditions for interoperability of systems and services that make up a digital education, dealing with competency description due to possibility of flexible selection of such interaction level, good information structuring and formalization, selection of competency description units repeatedly used in various contexts, as well as ontological approach. One more purpose of the methodology is preparation of grounds for realization of smart features of digital education technologies: adaptation, inferring, self-learning, anticipation.
Contemporary discussion on the concept of "civilization" raises a number of questions for researchers: what is civilization? Does it make sense to talk about "civilizations" in the plural? What is the relationship between "civilization" and contemporaneity? The relevance of the issues can be confirmed by indicating the appeal to them not only by scientists, but also by politicians and common people. The cultural complexity of the contemporary world leads to the fact that the concepts are used more often, but the clarity of their meanings is largely lost. The article proposes to return to the methodological issue of definition of concepts in order to clarify how contemporaneity functions. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to consider the concept of "civilization" and "civilizations", first, in the historical context, and, secondly, to relate them to one of the most important features of contemporaneity – "late globalization". The author assumes that the undertaken consideration is able not only to clarify the use of concepts, but also to deepen our understanding of contemporaneity, as well as to get closer to the productive meaning of the discussion on "civilizational projects" which is relevant in the Russian context.
The paper examines the structure, governance, and balance sheets of state-controlled banks in Russia, which accounted for over 55 percent of the total assets in the country's banking system in early 2012. The author offers a credible estimate of the size of the country's state banking sector by including banks that are indirectly owned by public organizations. Contrary to some predictions based on the theoretical literature on economic transition, he explains the relatively high profitability and efficiency of Russian state-controlled banks by pointing to their competitive position in such functions as acquisition and disposal of assets on behalf of the government. Also suggested in the paper is a different way of looking at market concentration in Russia (by consolidating the market shares of core state-controlled banks), which produces a picture of a more concentrated market than officially reported. Lastly, one of the author's interesting conclusions is that China provides a better benchmark than the formerly centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe by which to assess the viability of state ownership of banks in Russia and to evaluate the country's banking sector.
The paper examines the principles for the supervision of financial conglomerates proposed by BCBS in the consultative document published in December 2011. Moreover, the article proposes a number of suggestions worked out by the authors within the HSE research team.