Book
Социально-культурные практики сплоченности в современных обществах
Socio-cultural Unity In The Context of P. A. Sorkin`s Theory of Social Symbolism: Cohesion, Integration, Coherence
This part is devoted to the reconstruction of Sorokin's ideas on social and cultural phenomena. His concept of symbolic mediators is used to study socio-cultural integration and cohesion. The author raises the question of the difference between the terms "integration" and "cohesion" in the theory of Sorokin. Discusses the use of the term "coherence" to identify the specifics of integration relations of ideological, behavioral, and material aspects of social and cultural unities.
Different conceptual aspects of social unity and their interrelations are discussed. The crucial role of the “abstract rules” in the 21st century large societies, including the Russian society, is emphasized. According to author, the two forms of social integration, cohesion and adherence to abstract rules, are united by civil solidarity and civil society.
The article analyzes cohesion concerns in sacral text. The paper outlines the main types of text cohesion such as lexical, grammatical and lexico-grammatical ones. Different ways and means of cohesion realization in the text of New Testament are considered particularly.
The article describes the transformation processes in Central and Eastern Europe between 1985 and 2015 and the prospects of further societal development resulting from them.
Germany is a diverse country, a fact that offers opportunities for future development in a globalized world, but also poses challenges for the social coexistence of people. The majority of Germans tend to regard increasing diversity as an asset rather than a danger, and the acceptance of social diversity in Germany is well developed. At the same time, acceptance of diversity varies widely depending on the region and the dimension of diversity. While acceptance of people with disabilities or another sexual orientation than one’s own is high, religious diversity is far less accepted. These are the findings of a representative study, “Cohesion in Diversity: Diversity Barometer 2019 of Robert Bosch Stiftung,” for which 3,025 German residents aged 16 and older were interviewed by telephone about their opinions and attitudes toward various social groups. Where and with regard to whom are people especially accepting of diversity? According to the overall diversity index, which is based on a scale from 0 to 100, the mean value for the acceptance of diversity in Germany currently stands at 68 points, clearly in the positive range. At the same time, there is a noticeable west-east and north-south divide: The top five ranks are occupied by Hamburg (72 points), Schleswig-Holstein (71 points), Bremen (71 points), Berlin (71 points), and Lower Saxony (70 points), in other words, the three city-states and two large states in northern Germany. Next come the other states in what used to be West Germany. Bringing up the rear are the former East German states (excluding Berlin), with scores between 65 and 61 points. In addition to regional differences, there are sometimes significant differences in the acceptance of individual dimensions of diversity. In Germany, acceptance of people with disabilities (83 points) and non-heterosexual orientation (77 points), for instance, but also of people with a different ethnic background (73 points) is high. A majority are still open to people of a different age (70 points), a different sex (69 points), and low socio-economic standing (58 points). Skepticism seems to be predominant solely with regard to religion and religious diversity (44 points). However, the findings suggest that, despite the current media focus, this result is not a rejection of “Muslims” alone; the low approval rating tends to indicate a general reservation against religious lifestyles and traditions. When it comes to factors that can positively impact approval of a pluralistic society, individual and personal aspects are particularly important; these include empathy, (a rather left) political leanings orientation, and a positive attitude toward globalization. Structural factors (economic strength, unemployment rate, etc.) in people’s home region are of secondary importance, although regions with higher income disparities also show greater acceptance of diversity. This finding suggests that the existence of a certain level of diversity is a basic prerequisite for having to learn and practice a constructive way of dealing with diversity in the first place.
The present research addresses the phenomenon of recurrence at structural, semantic and metatext levels and aims to analyze its impact on the author’s argumentative line and text identity. The paper focuses on the use of prospective and retrospective iteration that plays a particularly significant role in scholarly literature where an academic text is due to comply with specific regulations and to report on the research results in the most objective way. To achieve the goal academic writers rely on employing a system of concepts typical of a particular science, providing unquestionable arguments and critical approach to convince the readers and win their trust. Scholarly articles related to management studies have been exposed to content analysis methodology and the findings reveal that recurrence as a multifunctional phenomenon is an integral part of narrative since it structures the composition, discloses the author’s intention, supplements well justified reasoning through clarification, interpretation, explanation, accentuation and contributes to text consistency, cohesion and coherence.
Several approaches to the concept of fatherhood present in Western sociological tradition are analyzed and compared: biological determinism, social constructivism and biosocial theory. The problematics of fatherhood and men’s parental practices is marginalized in modern Russian social research devoted to family and this fact makes the traditional inequality in family relations, when the father’s role is considered secondary compared to that of mother, even stronger. However, in Western critical men’s studies several stages can be outlined: the development of “sex roles” paradigm (biological determinism), the emergence of the hegemonic masculinity concept, inter-disciplinary stage (biosocial theory). According to the approach of biological determinism, the role of a father is that of the patriarch, he continues the family line and serves as a model for his ascendants. Social constructivism looks into man’s functions in the family from the point of view of masculine pressure and establishing hegemony over a woman and children. Biosocial theory aims to unite the biological determinacy of fatherhood with social, cultural and personal context. It is shown that these approaches are directly connected with the level of the society development, marriage and family perceptions, the level of egality of gender order.
This article is talking about state management and cultural policy, their nature and content in term of the new tendency - development of postindustrial society. It mentioned here, that at the moment cultural policy is the base of regional political activity and that regions can get strong competitive advantage if they are able to implement cultural policy successfully. All these trends can produce elements of new economic development.