О понятии души в философии Платона

Платоновские исследования. 2023. № 19.2. С. 97–117.

Skvortsov A.

The article examines the concept of soul introduced in Plato’s dialogues
within the framework of the dialectical circle of cognition described by him. While
passing through the circle, the soul transforms its activity patterns, discovers new
targets for cognition and enters into various interactions with the body. This path
of spiritual development is integrated into the works of Plato as a natural sequence
of definitions of the soul manifested to us and to the soul itself. Passing into each
other, these definitions form a relatively complete integral unity and approach the
form of a concept. Initially, the soul exists as identical with the inanimate, and then
with the living body. The primary methods of cognition in this case are assimilation
and belief, while the properties of things and the things themselves are the object for
cognition. Subsequently, the fundamental spiritual form of the soul emerges where the
intelligence comes to the forefront, capable of apprehending particular ideas. Once the
soul attains a universal single object of cognition, the reason becomes the principal way
of its existence, which begins to propound its rational, sensory, and bodily premises
as its own accounts.

Keywords: душа, Платон, soul, Plato, soul development, dialectical circle, развитие души, диалектический круг