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The Iron Curtain and Referee Bias in International Football
Journal of Sports Economics. 2024. Vol. 25. No. 1. P. 126–151.
Using the assignment of referees to European international association football matches played between 2002 and 2016, we ask whether judgements were biased according to the legacy of the Cold War. We find that referees from post-communist states favoured teams from non-communist states, but there was no evidence of favouritism in the
other direction. This out-group bias of referees born behind the Iron Curtain was statistically significant for relatively less important and more subjective decisions, namely the awarding of yellow cards for foul play. The bias was particularly large among referees from the former Soviet Union. It has also diminished over time, perhaps due to increased professionalism in European refereeing, or because memories of the Cold War era have diminished among active referees.
Publication based on the results of:
Lysenok N., International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications 2026 Vol. 18 No. 18s P. 1406–1430
A volatility forecast becomes useful only after it has passed through four stages: a model produces it, a trading rule consumes it, a portfolio aggregates the result, and an investor evaluates that result against a utility function. Each stage has its own mature evaluation apparatus, and each is studied in isolation. This review traces the ...
Added: August 23, 2026
Parshakov P., Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 2026 Vol. 13 No. 1 P. 1–7
This study investigates gender‑based disparities in viewership and prize money within Counter‑Strike: Global Offensive competitions, using data from the ESL Impact League (female‑only) and comparable male leagues. Because esports performance depends chiefly on strategic choices and fine motor skills rather than physical strength, this setting offers a distinctive lens for examining gender equity where bodily ...
Added: August 22, 2026
Астафьева Е.В., Турунцева М. Ю., Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики 2021 Т. 25 № 1 С. 65–101
В основе принятия своевременных экономико-политических решений и бизнес-планирования лежит мониторинг текущей ситуации и прогнозирование путей развития экономической активности, базу которых составляют официальные статистические оценки значений различных показателей. В этой связи переоценка данных и прогнозы, основанные на более ранних либо поздних оценках, потенциально могут повлечь за собой совершенно различные экономико-политические решения. Согласно официальной методике Росстата, публикуется ...
Added: August 21, 2026
Астафьева Е., Турунцева М., Научный вестник ИЭП им. Гайдара.ру (электронный журнал) 2022 № 7 С. 32–35
В статье приводятся результаты анализа качественных свойств прогнозов некоторых показателей, ежемесячно публикуемых Институтом экономической политики имени. Е.Т. Гайдара в «Научном вестнике ИЭП им. Гайдара.ру» (далее – «прогнозы ИЭП»). Мы рассматриваем простейшие статистики (MAPE, MAE, RMSE) как прогнозов ИЭП, так и альтернативных прогнозов (наивных, наивных сезонных и прогнозов, построенных с использованием скользящего среднего). Помимо сравнительного анализа на основе ...
Added: August 21, 2026
Астафьева Е., Турунцева М., Научный вестник ИЭП им. Гайдара.ру (электронный журнал) 2021 № 7 С. 32–35
В статье приводятся результаты анализа качественных свойств прогнозов некоторых показателей, ежемесячно публикуемых Институтом экономической политики имени. Е.Т. Гайдара в «Научном вестнике ИЭП им. Гайдара.ру» (далее – «прогнозы ИЭП»). Мы рассматриваем простейшие статистики (MAPE, MAE, RMSE) как прогнозов ИЭП, так и альтернативных прогнозов (наивных, наивных сезонных и прогнозов, построенных с использованием скользящего среднего). Помимо сравнительного анализа на основе ...
Added: August 21, 2026
Астафьева Е., Турунцева М., Научный вестник ИЭП им. Гайдара.ру (электронный журнал) 2021 № 1 С. 32–35
В статье приводятся результаты анализа качественных свойств прогнозов некоторых показателей, ежемесячно публикуемых Институтом экономической политики имени. Е.Т. Гайдара в «Научном вестнике ИЭП им. Гайдара.ру» (далее – «прогнозы ИЭП»). Мы рассматриваем простейшие статистики (MAPE, MAE, RMSE) как прогнозов ИЭП, так и альтернативных прогнозов (наивных, наивных сезонных и прогнозов, построенных с использованием скользящего среднего). Помимо сравнительного анализа на основе ...
Added: August 21, 2026
Астафьева Е.В., Турунцева М. Ю., Прикладная эконометрика 2024 Т. 74 № 2 С. 78–103
Комбинирование прогнозов считается наиболее простым способом улучшения каче‑ ства прогнозирования по сравнению с индивидуальными моделями. В данной работе проверяются возможности простейших методов комбинирования, таких как простое среднее и оценки на основе среднеквадратической ошибки прогнозов предыдущих пери‑ одов, для улучшения качественных характеристик краткосрочных прогнозов пяти по‑ казателей цен на ресурсы (нефть и металлы). В основе работы ...
Added: August 21, 2026
Астафьева Е.В., Турунцева М. Ю., Вестник Евразийской науки 2025 Т. 17 № 6
В работе исследуются возможности использования простых процедур корректировки и объединения прогнозов. Мы оцениваем влияние применения этих процедур (методов простой корректировки, простых и регрессионных методов комбинирования) на качество прогнозов показателей российского экспорта во все страны и импорта из всех стран. В общей сложности мы использовали четыре метода корректировки, 9 методов простого комбинирования и семь регрессионных методов. ...
Added: August 21, 2026
Matveeva N., Yudkevich M., Higher Education 2026 P. 1–20
This study draws on neo-institutional theory and the convergence/divergence debate in higher education research to examine whether public and private universities in EU candidate countries converge or diverge in their research activity and collaboration patterns. We analyse Scopus-indexed publication data for 43 universities across Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, North Macedonia and Serbia for the ...
Added: August 19, 2026
Biryukova O. V., Barzunov D., Pautov A., Проблемы Дальнего Востока 2026 № 4
The formation of new transcontinental transport arteries intensifies geoeconomic competition in Eurasia and requires the development of sustainable models of investment cooperation. The Chinese Belt and Road Initiative and the International North—South Transport Corridor represent distinct institutional concepts for infrastructure financing, differing in their sources of capital, degree of centralization, and mechanisms of risk allocation. ...
Added: August 19, 2026
Gaete Sepulveda M. A., Navarra: Eunsa, 2026.
Toward the Fifth-Generation University (5GU) is a work that proposes a transformative governance framework for institutions of higher education, capable of addressing the challenges of sustainability, digital reflexivity, and co-creation with multiple stakeholders. Drawing on a historical overview from University 1.0—focused on the preservation of knowledge—to University 5.0, the text presents a model centered on ...
Added: August 18, 2026
Lysenok N., International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications 2026 Vol. 18 No. 17s P. 533–549
This paper asks which families of volatility forecasting models create economic value in active trading, and through which integration channel that value is transmitted. Seven models drawn from four families — econometric (GJR-GARCH, HAR-J), gradient boosting (XGBoost, LightGBM), recurrent neural networks (LSTM, GRU) and a hybrid combining HAR-J with boosting — are compared on the ...
Added: August 18, 2026
Alena Bernyukevich, / Series WP BRP "Basic research program". 2025.
This essay explores the complex issue of determining the appropriate level of risk when implementing innovations within organizations. While innovation is widely recognized as a cornerstone of competitiveness, growth, and sustainability, excessive or poorly managed risk can lead to significant challenges. The discussion highlights key factors influencing acceptable risk levels, including alignment with corporate goals, ...
Added: August 17, 2026
Бернюкевич Т. В., Bernyukevich A., Сунь Я., Вестник Московского государственного строительного университета 2026 Т. 21 № 1 С. 122–134
Введение. Актуальность исследования мегаполисов как центров научно-технической деятельности и инновационно-экономического пространства Китая определяется необходимостью изучения механизмов реализации государственной политики в экономической и социальной сферах, анализа принципов управления экономическими системами и оценки методов стратегического менеджмента в контексте инновационного развития. Цель исследования — выявление параметров и основных направлений развития китайских мегаполисов как инновационных центров.
Материалы и методы. Применены методы: восхождения от абстрактного ...
Added: August 17, 2026
Shaposhnikov S., Asia and Africa today 2025
Digital transformation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India is critical to enhancing competitiveness and improving economic performance. It also helps address unemployment and regional inequality. However, SMEs face financial constraints, a digital skills shortage, resistance to change, and cybersecurity challenges. The authors analyze the impact of government initiatives such as Digital India, CGTMSE, ...
Added: August 14, 2026
Bessonova E., Мякишева С. М., Новиков С. В., Вопросы экономики 2026 № 8 С. 95–124
This paper examines total factor productivity (TFP) dynamics among Russian enterprises from 2018 to 2024, using translogarithmic production function estimates for 290 industries. To address endogeneity and functional dependence issues, we employ the Ackerberg—Caves—Frazer methodology with a control function approach. Our findings reveal distinct sectoral patterns. In mining, both simple average and value-added-weighted TFP rose ...
Added: August 13, 2026
Курылев К. П., Degterev D. A., Грачиков Е. Н. et al., Постсоветские исследования 2022 Т. 5 № 7 С. 754–763
This article is based on the understanding of the results of a one-name methodological
seminar organized and conducted by the Department of Theory and History of International Relations
of the Russian Academy of Sciences on September 8, 2022, in which the issues of the nature and
features of the USSR foreign policy for the period from 1971 to ...
Added: July 18, 2026
M.: -, 2024.
The volume comprises proceedings of the international online conference South Asia: History, Politics, International Relations / Южная Азия: история, политика, международные отношения (December 1, 2023) organised by the Department of South Asian History of the Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, in collaboration with the School of International Studies (SIS), Jawaharlal ...
Added: June 9, 2026
Orodvsky D., Дискурс-Пи 2025 Т. 22 № 4 С. 211–223
This article explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the digital public diplomacy of the United States and evaluates their potential relevance for Russian foreign policy strategies. As global communication becomes increasingly data-driven and technology-centric, AI is emerging as a key instrument for shaping narratives, analyzing public opinion, and enhancing the effectiveness of ...
Added: February 6, 2026
Romashev Y., М.: НОРМА, ИНФРА-М, 2025.
This work is the first comprehensive monographic study of oral international treaties. It explores the legal nature of this type of treaty. It demonstrates the similarities and differences between oral and written international treaties. It highlights the positive and negative aspects of oral international treaties, their treatment in the doctrine of international law, and explores ...
Added: October 20, 2025
Puchkov I., В кн.: Цивилизации Востока: взгляд из XXI века. Сборник трудов конференции Школы востоковедения ФМЭиМП НИУ ВШЭ, 21-22 октября 2022 г.: М.: ООО «Адвансед солюшнз», 2024. С. 487–503.
This paper examines the problem of Japanese foreign expansion through the lens of constructivist international relations theory. The Oriental studies tradition to describe and explain such phenomenon frequently lacks the question why it was Japan that managed to overcome its subalternity and start its own colonial policies, but other Asian nations failed to perform it. A ...
Added: September 26, 2025
Romashev Y., Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики 2025 Т. 18 № 3 С. 181–204
Oral international treaties are of great importance for the legal regulation of interstate
relations. The practice of concluding them has a long history. At the same time, in the science
of international law the study of this unique source of international law, in comparison
with written international treaties, is undeservedly given quite little attention. This leaves a
special imprint ...
Added: September 15, 2025
Medakin S., В кн.: Материалы Международного молодежного научного форума «Ломоносов-2024».: М.: Межрегиональная общественная организация содействия изучению, пропаганде научного наследия Н.Д. Кондратьева, 2024.
The 1960s-1970s are among the most complex and ambiguous years in the history of international relations. On the one hand, the Soviet Union and NATO countries were on the brink of nuclear war several times. On the other hand, it was during these years that détente was taking place, and after achieving parity in armaments, ...
Added: March 7, 2025
Asatryan G., Global Change, Peace and Security 2022 Vol. 34 No. 1 P. 78–80
The International Relations discipline (IR) has seen various theories that have attempted to explain an actor’s processes, practices, and motivations in international life. After the deep moral crisis of the World Wars, IR received a certain institutional form in both the UK and the US. The first theoretical developments concerned the realist school of IR ...
Added: February 22, 2025