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Демократические и олигархические тенденции в большевистской революции: генезис советской рабочей бюрократии
Contemporary left critics of the traditional “bureaucratic state” thinks that an alternative should be fi nd in technologically new form of the direct, intermediate and interactive mass democracy, based on syndicalist principles. One of its historical implementation is the experiment of Labor Democracy, probably realized in the early period of Russian revolution and later stopped by the establishment of one-party dictatorship. It is worthy to know how this statement conciliate with historical reality. Th e methodological strategy of this study — the sociological theory of formal organizations — provides the possibility to reconstruct the process of trade union’s institutionalization under the infl uence of internal and external social impulses. Th e internal logic of this reconstruction involves a group of factors. Among them - ideological grounds of the Soviet Labor Democracy system; protracted and real role of unions in the production, distribution and administration of nationalized property; the dynamic of organization in process of unifi cation and decentralization of unions; their interaction on diff erent levels of competence; information channels; criteria of membership and cleanings, variety of confl icts; the formation of a new hierarchy. Th e external factors under consideration are : the deep transformation of Labor unions social functions in the situation of economic collapse, Civil War, their role in the mass protest and mobilization, contradictious communications with Bolshevist party authorities. Taking into consideration all these factors, the author tries to explain how the “authentic” model of Labor State paved the way to the formation of an embryo of a new worker’s bureaucracy