ССУДНЫЙ КАПИТАЛ И ЕГО ТИПЫ

Наука и практика. Научно-аналитический журнал РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова. 2021. Т. 13. № 4 (44). С. 9–16.

Galanova A., Галанов В. А.

The concept of loan capital is usually perceived as a little-used analogue of the concept of borrowed capital. However, such use of it is completely incorrect. The concept of loan capital, on the one hand, corresponds to the concept of advanced (invested) capital, and, on the other hand, is opposite to the concept of productive (profitably functioning) capital. As capital, loan capital is necessarily advanced, i. e. used in such a way as to return to its owner. But unlike productive capital, loan capital is advanced by transferring it to another market participant for a fee in the form of interest income. Hence, the use of loan capital by its recipient (debtor) may have the goal of both profit and consumption. This approach makes it possible, in the face of equity and borrowed capital, to see not only wellknown differences but also to realize the unity of these two most important concepts used in market practice. Equity and borrowed capital are opposite sources of any productively functioning capital but they are only different types of loan capital. From the standpoint of the recipient of loan capital, equity and borrowed capital are separately accounted for in the balance sheet but act as a whole in the process of their use. From the standpoint of their ultimate owners, equity and borrowed capital are, as a rule, simply money transferred to the ownership of a commercial organization on the terms of their unconditional repayment in two opposite ways: by the lender's sale of debt in the market or by paying cash income to him within a specified period of time or indefinitely.

Keywords: заемный капитал, инвестор, должник, собственный капитал, ссуда, ссудный капитал, авансированный капитал, кредитор