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Rise of the war machines: Charting the evolution of military technologies from the Neolithic to the Industrial Revolution
Plos One. 2021. Vol. 16. No. 10. Article e0258161.
What have been the causes and consequences of technological evolution in world history? In particular, what propels innovation and diffusion of military technologies, details of which are comparatively well preserved and which are often seen as drivers of broad socio-cultural processes? Here we analyze the evolution of key military technologies in a sample of pre-industrial societies world-wide covering almost 10,000 years of history using Seshat: Global History Databank. We empirically test previously speculative theories that proposed world population size, connectivity between geographical areas of innovation and adoption, and critical enabling technological advances, such as iron metallurgy and horse riding, as central drivers of military technological evolution. We find that all of these factors are strong predictors of change in military technology, whereas state-level factors such as polity population, territorial size, or governance sophistication play no major role. We discuss how our approach can be extended to explore technological change more generally, and how our results carry important ramifications for understanding major drivers of evolution of social complexity.
Ali S., Bocharnikov V., Ratnikov F. et al., Sensors 2026 Vol. 26 No. 16 Article 5024
Large distributed sensor arrays require repeated recalibration as radiation damage, material aging, gain variation, and readout drift alter channel responses. We studied a high-granularity calorimeter as a large sensor array and addressed unsupervised recalibration from two unpaired datasets: a nominal reference response and an aged response with attenuated cell-wise signals. Aging was modeled by a ...
Added: August 11, 2026
David J. L., Leonid Grinin, Korotayev A., , in: Complexity in Universal Evolution. A Big History Perspective.: Springer, 2026. Ch. 22 P. 585–608.
This collective monograph explores focus on complexity aspects in Big History against the background of complexity growth in the Universe, on our planet, and in biological, social, and cultural systems. Complexity growth is regarded as the connecting thread of evolutionary development and as a leading trend of Big History. The cosmic development chapters examine symmetries ...
Added: August 10, 2026
Korotayev A., , in: Complexity in Universal Evolution. A Big History Perspective.: Springer, 2026. Ch. 13 P. 359–409.
We have undertaken an attempt to propose a periodization of the Big History Biosocial (Anthropogenesis) Era on the basis of the most recent scientific data. This periodization is complexity-based, that is, the boundaries of the identified epochs are marked with complexity jumps, that is, in our case, such phase transitions that result in significant increases ...
Added: August 10, 2026
Leonid Grinin, Alexander M., Korotayev A., , in: Complexity in Universal Evolution. A Big History Perspective.: Springer, 2026. Ch. 12 P. 283–355.
In the first half of this chapter, Grinin et al. survey general similarities and differences between biological and social macroevolution. They undertake a systematic comparison between biological and social evolution at different levels of analysis and in various aspects, formulating a considerable number of general principles and rules of evolution, and working to develop a ...
Added: August 10, 2026
Грегор Э. Д., СПб.: Владимир Даль, 2026.
Фашизм традиционно считался иррациональным и антиинтеллектуальным феноменом, ведомым мистицизмом и приверженным хаосу и грубой жестокости. Настоящее издание — итог почти четырех десятилетий исследований одного из ведущих экспертов по этому вопросу, американского историка Энтони Джеймса Грегора. Он утверждает, что итальянский фашизм был не более и не менее иррациональным, чем другие революционные идеологии XX века. Грегор прослеживает историю ...
Added: August 10, 2026
David J. L., Leonid Grinin, Korotayev A., , in: Complexity in Universal Evolution. A Big History Perspective.: Springer, 2026. Ch. 1 P. 1–25.
Complexity is widely acknowledged as a foundational and pivotal concept in Big History, offering a unifying lens through which to examine the emergence and development of systems—from particles and galaxies to life, civilizations, and beyond. Yet, despite its centrality, major gaps remain in how we define, measure, and interpret complexity across different phases and scales. ...
Added: August 10, 2026
Trubochkina N. K., М.: Издательство «Юрайт», 2026.
This textbook is designed to develop students' holistic understanding of modern production processes and methods for their analysis and management using machine learning technologies. In the context of the fourth industrial revolution, where traditional engineering disciplines are inextricably intertwined with intelligent data processing methods, there is a growing need for specialists capable of integrating knowledge ...
Added: August 8, 2026
Korotayev A., Guseinov R., Ustyuzhanin V., Political Studies Review 2026 P. 1–22
In recent years, a kind of “Berlin Wall” has emerged between the study of “revolutions” and “maximalist campaigns.” Although scholars in these two traditions analyze closely related phenomena, they use different terminology, bodies of literature, and empirical conventions. We argue that this separation is analytically costly and prevents fruitful dialogue. On one hand, this leads ...
Added: August 8, 2026
David J. L., Leonid Grinin, Korotayev A., Springer, 2026.
Complexity is widely acknowledged as a foundational and pivotal concept in Big History, offering a unifying lens through which to examine the emergence and development of systems—from particles and galaxies to life, civilizations, and beyond. Yet, despite its centrality, major gaps remain in how we define, measure, and interpret complexity across different phases and scales. ...
Added: August 7, 2026
Styrin E. M., Vigoda-Gadot E., Levitats Z., Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration 2026 P. 1–23
Governance is rapidly digitising, yet how citizens’ emotions towards algorithmic policy decision-making relate to their trust in governance institutions remains understudied. Drawing on the affect-as-information model, we argue that emotions constitute a distinct input into institutional trust judgements, operating both directly and by conditioning the weight of cognitive evaluations. We test this argument with a ...
Added: August 7, 2026
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2026.
Knowledge Diplomacy examines particular and cultural antecedents to the development of the field; and its predominance in western thinking and critiques. Crucially, it does so not just from the perspective of scholars but also by consciously drawing on the perspectives of practitioners.
The development of Knowledge Diplomacy allows for increased understanding of the role of research, ...
Added: August 7, 2026
Papushina I. O., Shenkman E., Социологические исследования 2026 № 7 С. 31–43
The external shocks of 2022 have altered the operating environment for Russian
companies and the demand for skilled workers. This study examines how demand has responded for
different categories of professionals in the fashion industry, where the departure of international brands
has simultaneously increased uncertainty and opened up market niches for Russian manufacturers.
The empirical basis of the research ...
Added: August 7, 2026
Kulev Y., Maksaev A., Promyslov V., Linear Algebra and its Applications 2026 Vol. 730 P. 51–72
The notion of λ-th upper scrambling index was introduced by Huang and Liu in 2010, as a generalization of a notion considered by Akelbek and Kirkland in 2009. For a primitive digraph D, it is defined as the smallest positive integer k such that for every λ vertices of D there exist directed paths of lengths k from these vertices to a common vertex. This ...
Added: August 7, 2026
Kanunnikov A., Promyslov V., Vassilieva E., Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 2024 Vol. 31 No. 3 Article P3.6
Introduced by Goulden and Jackson in their 1996 paper, the matchings-Jack conjecture and the hypermap-Jack conjecture (also known as the b-conjecture) are two major open questions relating Jack symmetric functions, the representation theory of the symmetric groups and combinatorial maps. They show that the coefficients in the power sum expansion of some Cauchy sum for ...
Added: August 7, 2026
Фирсанова В. И., ACM, 2026.
The inclusion of autistic people can be augmented by a mobile app that provides information without a human mediator making information perception more liberating for people in the spectrum. This paper is an overview of a doctoral work dedicated to the development of a web-based mobile tool for supporting the inclusion of people on the ...
Added: August 4, 2026
Фирсанова В. И., Хлусова Я. К., CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2025.
Knowledge graphs are widely used in Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and Explainable AI (XAI), since they can illustrate semantic relationships generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent studies focus on generating knowledge graphs from unstructured data to improve RAG performance; however, they do not explain the underlying graph structure. The analysis of synthetic graphs behind ...
Added: August 4, 2026
Spiridonov V. P., Belousov N. M., Sarkissian G. A., Analysis and Mathematical Physics 2026 Vol. 16 Article 96
Hyperbolic hypergeometric integrals are defined as Barnes-type integrals of products of hyperbolic gamma functions. Their reduction to ordinary hypergeometric functions is well known. We study in detail their degeneration to complex hypergeometric functions. Namely, using uniform bounds on the integrands, we prove that the univariate hyperbolic beta integral and the conical function degenerate to two-dimensional ...
Added: August 4, 2026
Gayfullin S., Kikteva V., Results in Mathematics 2026 Vol. 81 No. 5 Article 146
In this paper we obtain a criterion of flexibility for an affine complexity-zero horospherical variety. This result generalizes previously known results on flexibility of normal horospherical varieties, horospherical varieties with an action of a semisimple group, and non-normal toric varieties. ...
Added: August 3, 2026
Lunts V., Функциональный анализ и его приложения 2026 Т. 60 № 3 С. 127–129
Доказано, что канонические полуортогональные разложения производной категории диаграммной схемы индуцируют аналогичные разложения подкатегории совершенных комплексов. ...
Added: August 3, 2026
Belomestny D., Gasnikov A., Gladin E. et al., Russian Mathematical Surveys 2026 Vol. 81 No. 4(490) P. 3–90
Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly grounded in tools from probability, optimization, and operator theory. This survey organizes the mathematical structures that underpin the design and analysis of modern algorithms in RL. We begin from Markov decision processes (MDPs) and the Bellman operators, emphasizing contraction mappings, monotonicity, and fixed-point theory that yield convergence guarantees and rates ...
Added: August 3, 2026
Брюхно А. С., Telitsyna A., Journal of Social Policy Studies 2026 Vol. 24 No. 1 P. 143–158
This article examines grassroots digital volunteerism as a form of civic self-organization in the context of s large-scale socio-economic disruption, using the 2022 refugee crisis in Russia as an empirical case study. It focuses on the mutual aid networks that emerged on the VKontakte social network and the Telegram messenger, analyzing their organizational characteristics, modes ...
Added: August 1, 2026
Chepovskiy A., М.: Мастерская Печати Идей, 2026.
The textbook presents methods and algoгithms for automatic analysis
of соrроrа of texts in natural languages. It is intended fоr sfudenБ of
methods of processing texts in паtчrаl languages and creating training
arays of texts.
Fоr students, graduate students and researchers studying methods
of computational linguistics and word processing. ...
Added: August 1, 2026
A. Radomskii, Mathematical notes 2026 Vol. 119 No. 6 P. 1136–1147
We obtain an upper bound for the sum $\sum_{n\leq N} (a_{n}/\varphi (a_{n}))^{s}$, where $\varphi$ is Euler's totient function, $s\in\mathbb{N}$, and $a_{1},\ldots, a_{N}$ are positive integers (not necessarily distinct) with some restrictions. As applications, for any $t>0$, we obtain an upper bound for the number of $n\in [1,N]$ such that $a_{n}/ \varphi (a_{n})> t$. ...
Added: July 31, 2026
Kanaev E., Southeast Asia: Actual Problems of Development 2026 Vol. 1 No. 1(70) P. 153–163
The article aims to specify the degree of success Cambodia has been able to achieve in developing its Artificial Intelligence (AI) ecosystem seen through the prism of the state of the country’s non-digital assets as an outcome of its economic modernization, as well as of its digital projects and initiatives. Outlining the specifics of Cambodia’s ...
Added: July 30, 2026