Застрявшие в бедности и сохранившие богатство: индивидуальная мобильность по доходам в России

Вестник общественного мнения. Данные. Анализ. Дискуссии. 2020. Т. 131. № 3-4. С. 100–115.

Mareeva S., Slobodenyuk E.

The article is devoted to the problem of indi- vidual income mobility of Russians in both objec- tive and subjective dimensions. The empirical base for the research is drawn from the Russia Longitu- dinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Eco- nomics (RLMS HSE), waves 2014-2017. Following the logic of the relative (positional) income mobil- ity, used, inter alia, in the recently published OECD report, but adapting it to the realities of modern Russian society, the authors turn to the analysis of the scale and directions of individual mobility be- tween income quintiles over a four-year interval. The composition of the groups that remain steadily in the least and most prosperous income positions (“sticky floor” and “sticky ceiling”) is also in focus. A similar logic of analysis is then applied to subjec- tive income mobility — changes in self-evaluation of one’s position on the poverty-wealth scale. The results show that the scale of income mobil- ity in Russian society is quite high, which is more typical for the countries undergoing periods of transformation. Income mobility opportunities are influenced by factors of both class and non-class nature, and the high importance of ascriptive fac- tors for sustainable well-being or continuous pov- erty requires the attention of the state. A subjective assessment of the position on the income scale is even more volatile, with subjective income mobil- ity weakly correlating with income mobility. In the most disadvantaged state in the realm of objective income mobility are families with children, and in the realm of subjective income mobility — pen- sioners with multiple chronic diseases. At the same time, none of the socio-demographic categories can be unambiguously defined as a zone of localization of immobility by income or self-evaluation, since the situation of individuals belonging to them can qualitatively differ depending on a unique combina- tion of life circumstances.

Keywords: социальное неравенство, доходы, social inequality, income, income mobility, субъективная мобильность, subjective mobility, Доходная мобильность, immobility, иммобильность, «липкий пол», «липкий потолок», “sticky floor”, “sticky ceiling”

Publication based on the results of: Analysis of adaptation of various socio-economic and demographic groups to the pandemic consequences in the context of new social policy measures (2021)