Article
Разработка и валидизация шкалы чувствительности к обратной связи
Sensitivity to feedback is an individual psychological variable that plays an important role in the process of self-regulation. It represents the ability of a person to respond to the success of his or her actions and adjust the activity in accordance with the assessment of this success. The purpose of this research was to define the construct of sensitivity to feedback, in particular to develop and validate one-dimensional psychometric scale of sensitivity to feedback diagnostics. The paper presents the results of two studies in which the scale was tested. The sample of the first research includes first-year students of Moscow universities (N = 199). In order to obtain a design validation of the scale, the relationship between sensitivity to feedback and the parameters of psychological wellbeing and motivation is presented. These include types of motivational regulation (autonomous and controlled), flow in educational / professional activities, style of explaining successes and failures, subjective wellbeing, positive and negative affect. The second study investigated more specific relationships between sensitivity to feedback and parameters of self-regulation. The sample includes second- and third-year students of MSU branch in Tashkent (N = 104). The second study provides correlational analysis of the following parameters: control of actions in situations of failure, planning and implementation; scales of a Big Five Questionnaire; the individual’s attitude to the life experience. According to the results, the scale correlated significantly with several measures of psychological wellbeing and self-regulation. Minor corrections of the draft version of the scale (one point has been excluded) indicate the scale consistency and normal distribution of the scores. The research justifies the sensitivity to feedback scale as a useful tool both for fundamental research and applied contexts.
The first part of this book is devoted to the old problem of fundamental motivations that can hardly be approached in another way, other than theoretically. The second part of the book is devoted to new or rather marginal concepts that seem capable to enrich general models of motivational processes. Part three of the book deals with the issues of self-regulation and self-determination; in the last two decades the problems of motivation can be hardly dealt with without touching these issues. The focus of the last part of the book is cultural context and cultural mediation of motivation. This book was planned not as a collection of discoveries to be considered, but rather as a collection of nontrivial views that may turn helpful for making a better sense of the discoveries actually made. (Imprint: Nova)
The present study aims to identify the relationship between intellectual abilities and the motives of occupational choice. Results of the study suggest what motives of occupational choice related to the level of certain intellectual abilities. So, for example, the negative connection between the level of mathematical abilities and the “career”, “confidence” and “authority” motives were found. The level of the “formallogic” ability is negatively related to the “joining”, “confidence” and “public benefit” motives. Most of the identified interrelations are negative. In particular, it was shown that respondents with the lower levels of intellectual abilities assessed the importance of majority motives much higher than respondents with the higher levels of various abilities in our sample. A new method intended to identify different motives of occupational choice was developed during this work. According to its results the factor structure of occupational choice motives has been obtained.
A global focusing on a sustainable economy requires redirection of corporate governance toward sustainability. One of the important ways for management is a quality management as it is focused on continuous improvement of all business processes and therefore – contribute to long-term performance. The basic problems in this case are the searching for the most effective organizational model of quality achievement and the reasons for firm to implement quality management system (QMS) which is relevant to its sustainable business perspective. Insufficiency of the problem development of companies’ stimulation to implement QMS ISO 9000, make the paper urgent. The purpose of the study is an examination of the motivation for QMS ISO 9000 implementation for the emerging economies firms. The informational base of empirical cross country analysis was 2002–2009 data of Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) of WB and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Study targets are the firms, which have implemented QMS ISO 9000 and located in the three groups of countries: the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), new members of the EU countries and countries of the Southern Europe - not EU members. The main finding is the identification of similarities and differences in motivations of firms from the tree groups emerging economies, which has implemented QMS ISO 9000.
The present article contains an analysis of problems typical of scientific direction of Ph. D. studies. These problems include: financial and career motivation of scientific advisors (instead of scientific goals), insufficient understanding of functions that a scientific advisor must fulfill and lack of competence. Solutions of these problems are proposed.
Our research was focused on young people’s moral self-determination based on different levels of self-regulation. The author’s theoretical model and methodical approach to self-determination study is presented. Self-determination implies active individual self-development, search of ones own existential position and the choice of decisions in problematic situations. The self-regulation phenomenon appears in planning and programming life goal achievements, taking into account significant external and internal conditions, estimation of results and correcting ones’ own activity for subjective-acceptable result achievements, also it appears in the degrees of development and realization of self-organizing processes. The results have shown that young people with a medium level of self-regulation have a less positive moral position than people with high and low levels of self-regulation. For young men, the higher level of self-regulation corresponds to a more positive moral position in the case of separate conceptions of morality and moral strategies. But such regularity isn’t peculiar to young women.
The article examines the problems of delegation of public powers of authority to self-regulated organizations: public powers of authority which may be delegated, spheres of state administration, where delegation of powers is not allowed, validity of control over realization of delegated powers in all cases of such delegation and responsibility of the state for the acts of private persons who exercise public powers of authority.
The distractive effects on attentional task performance in different paradigms are analyzed in this paper. I demonstrate how distractors may negatively affect (interference effect), positively (redundancy effect) or neutrally (null effect). Distractor effects described in literature are classified in accordance with their hypothetical source. The general rule of the theory is also introduced. It contains the formal prediction of the particular distractor effect, based on entropy and redundancy measures from the mathematical theory of communication (Shannon, 1948). Single- vs dual-process frameworks are considered for hypothetical mechanisms which underpin the distractor effects. Distractor profiles (DPs) are also introduced for the formalization and simple visualization of experimental data concerning the distractor effects. Typical shapes of DPs and their interpretations are discussed with examples from three frequently cited experiments. Finally, the paper introduces hierarchical hypothesis that states the level-fashion modulating interrelations between distractor effects of different classes.
This article describes the expierence of studying factors influencing the social well-being of educational migrants as mesured by means of a psychological well-being scale (A. Perrudet-Badoux, G.A. Mendelsohn, J.Chiche, 1988) previously adapted for Russian by M.V. Sokolova. A statistical analysis of the scale's reliability is performed. Trends in dynamics of subjective well-being are indentified on the basis the correlations analysis between the condbtbions of adaptation and its success rate, and potential mechanisms for developing subjective well-being among student migrants living in student hostels are described. Particular attention is paid to commuting as a factor of adaptation.