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О значении и употреблении глагола «ориентироваться»
In the present paper we describe four meanings of the verb ориентироваться: ‘orient 1’ (Штурман ориентировался на маяк), ‘orient 2.1’ (Продавцы ориентируются на внутренний рынок), ‘orient 2.2’ (Раньше люди легко ориентировались во времени по солнечным часам) and ‘orient 3’ (Магнитная стрелка компаса ориентируется на север). We identify two naïve strategies of wayfinding (the first strategy is that the subject simply makes his or her way towards a landmark or in some direction; the second is that the subject plans his or her route relying on the information received from some source) and analyze how these strategies influence metaphorical meanings of the verb ориентироваться (meanings 2.1 and 2.2). We outline the main types of orienting points and identify the connection between a type of the orienting point and a preposition на / по in the collocations ориентироваться на что-л. / по чему-л. We formulate the rules of choice between the prepositions на and по based on some certain features of the orienting points (closeness to the destination and ability to change direction).