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September 18, 2026
When Pictures Hinder Understanding: Illustrations May Impede Learning of Abstract Ideas
Illustrations can help remember specific actions but do not always make abstract ideas easier to learn. Researchers from HSE University and Humboldt University compared how people learn from texts with different levels of abstractness. They found that participants remembered illustrations better and performed better on related tasks after reading a multimedia text about yoga asanas than after reading an abstract text about the Nash equilibrium. The findings could help improve the selection of illustrations for educational and informational materials. The study has been published in Learning and Instruction.
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Libero Arbitrio e Retributivà

Rivista di Filosofia. 2006. Vol. XCVII. No. 1. P. 59–81.
Bronzo S.

The paper is organized in three parts. In the first part, the author specifies a certain notion of free will—free will as "ultimate self-determination"—and argues that it is a conceptual illusion. In the second part, he argues, against P.F. Strawson, that the recognition of the illusory character of that notion of free will is not inconsequential for the justification of our present moral practices. Such a recognition forces us to abandon the retributive conception of punishment. In the last part, he argues—again against Strawson—that the abandonment of the retributive conception of punishment does not obviously amount to the loss of a “vital part” of our moral life. On the contrary, there are independent moral reasons for leaving it behind.

Priority areas: law humanitarian
Language: Italian
DOI
Text on another site
Keywords: theory of punishmentdeterminismfree willretributivismresentmentP. F. Strawsonconsequentialism
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