Article
Изучение навыков консультативного психолога и психотерапевта: актуальное состояние в западной и отечественной психологии
The article presents a brief review of studies concerning the current status of the psychotherapeutic and coun6 seling skills in the West (mainly in the USA) and in Russia. Papers written by the fellows of the leading US labs in this field and by other scientists are reviewed in this article alongside with investigations of several Russian psycho6 logical institutions. We also introduce some theoretical and methodological papers of Russian scholars.
In the article results of K.Rogers psychotherapeutic speech intent-analysis realized by authors purposely to describe general psychological foundations of speech psychotherapeutic activity, studying it's intentional plan, revealing of therapist speech intentional specificity are presented. Existing views on intentionality concept are shown, intention bases of psychotherapeutic discourse which according to authors are determined by base aims of concrete therapeutic method are analyzed. Methods and stages of research are described. As an object of research С.Rogers therapeutic cases illustrating his professional work during different periods of his life are selected. Psychotherapist speech intensions dictionary made during research process and also their classification are resulted. The result of the research is comparative analysis of intentional characteristics of Rogers speech.
In various comparisons between Individual Psychology and Humanistic Psychology similarities in the concept of man are seen. Furthermore the connections in the life history between Adler, the founder of Individual Psychology, and Maslow and Rogers, the two most important persons in Humanistic Psychology are shown here; Adler even was their teacher in New York in a certain extent. Theoretical convergences and divergences between the both edifices of ideas are reviewed and on the basis of concrete statements Adler's role as a guiding intellectual force of the movement of Humanistic Psychology and Person-centered Approach is pointed out. Finally the growing discussion about efforts for integration between the different therapeutic approaches will be examined.
The Idea of the Person in Existential Analysis by Viktor Frankl
Viktor Frankl (1905-1997) holds a specific place in a panorama of psychological thoughts. Philosopher, psychologist, doctor, psychotherapist, the founder of the original teachings about the meaning, he has exerted serious humanistic impact on a philosophical and psychological thought.
The book shows Frankl's contribution in the development of the idea of the person as a spiritual active agent of human existence. Frankl's ideas of the person are reconstructed and systematized, their methodological value for psychotherapeutic anthropology and psychology of the personality is considered.
The book is addressed to a wide range of readers, reflecting on the problems of human and his being, to professionals and researchers in the field of philosophy, social sciences and humanities, for undergraduate and graduate students studying psychology and psychotherapy.
The monograph presents a holistic view of the development of ideas, theory and practice of modern existential analysis. This view has allowed to demonstrate the contribution of existential analysis in psychology and its methodological potential as the basis for the construction of integral personality psychology, psychological counseling and psychotherapy, relevant modern scientific and socio-cultural context. The book is addressed to undergraduate and graduate students studying psychology and psychological counseling, practicing psychologists and psychotherapists, a wide range of professionals and researchers in the field of philosophy, social Sciences and Humanities.
The distractive effects on attentional task performance in different paradigms are analyzed in this paper. I demonstrate how distractors may negatively affect (interference effect), positively (redundancy effect) or neutrally (null effect). Distractor effects described in literature are classified in accordance with their hypothetical source. The general rule of the theory is also introduced. It contains the formal prediction of the particular distractor effect, based on entropy and redundancy measures from the mathematical theory of communication (Shannon, 1948). Single- vs dual-process frameworks are considered for hypothetical mechanisms which underpin the distractor effects. Distractor profiles (DPs) are also introduced for the formalization and simple visualization of experimental data concerning the distractor effects. Typical shapes of DPs and their interpretations are discussed with examples from three frequently cited experiments. Finally, the paper introduces hierarchical hypothesis that states the level-fashion modulating interrelations between distractor effects of different classes.
This article describes the expierence of studying factors influencing the social well-being of educational migrants as mesured by means of a psychological well-being scale (A. Perrudet-Badoux, G.A. Mendelsohn, J.Chiche, 1988) previously adapted for Russian by M.V. Sokolova. A statistical analysis of the scale's reliability is performed. Trends in dynamics of subjective well-being are indentified on the basis the correlations analysis between the condbtbions of adaptation and its success rate, and potential mechanisms for developing subjective well-being among student migrants living in student hostels are described. Particular attention is paid to commuting as a factor of adaptation.