Article
The structure of the University network: From the Soviet to Russian "master Plan"
The authors discuss the underpinnings of structural analysis in the higher education system. The article justifies why it focuses on specific labor market segments and the nature of the university's basic product as grounds for proposing a typology and groups of institutions. A Soviet "master plan" is reconstructed on the basis of the formulated approach to the typology. It is important because, according to the authors, the current structure of the Russian system of higher education is largely determined by how it developed during the Soviet period. It is shown that the Soviet project was built on the idea of administrative regulation of the labor market, and it is argued that it generally implemented a quasi-corporate system model of higher vocational education. The article analyzes how the structure of the higher education system that Russia inherited from the Soviet Union changed under the influence of factors that were mainly external to the education system. It was changed to a much lesser degree by deliberate government policy. The typology of higher education institutions that results from these changes is described based on an analysis of quantitative data. The authors consider possible structural policy directions in the field of higher vocational education as a foundation for working out a "master plan" for restructuring the higher education system in Russia. The authors establish goals that must be met by the modernization of the structure of higher education. © 2015 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
The institution of the university comprises one of the most important actors within national, regional or metropolitan economic systems. Typically, metropolitan universities are seen in terms of components of the respective national economic system. However, the object of our research is the institution of the regional university, which is defined in terms of a regional economic actor. There are various models for analysing the impact of universities on the regional economies. Several studies have studied this phenomenon in terms of providing employment, increasing expenditures and exporting educational services to other regions. However, in emphasising the role of universities in regional economies within the knowledge economy, most contemporary researchers consider the university as a major producer of scientific knowledge. Different "helix" models and models of university engagement are constructed in the context of this position. In order to overcome problems concerning terminological and methodological diversity, we propose to employ an institutional approach to the analysis of economic phenomena. Institutions are understood as comprising a set of formal and informal norms, as well as the mechanisms required to implement their conformance with these norms. The aim of our study is the development of a typology of institutions of scientific knowledge generation according to the different phases and stages of scientific production. In order to avoid an artificial gap in the subject-object relation, we analyse the problem on the basis of the methodological unity of actors, stakeholders and institutions, as well as their interactions with the environment (natural, political, social, economic and cultural). For the classification of institutions, several dimensions were referred to: the stages of knowledge generation (production, exchange, dissemination and consumption); management functions (planning, organisation, control and motivation). The model of circulation of explicit / tacit knowledge SECI developed by Nonaka and Takeuchi for the corporate sector is also thought to be relevant in this connection. On the basis of this model, we have identified the institutions of socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation of knowledge. The results of the study will be used in the further analysis of case studies of universities, both in Russia and elsewhere.
Universities are a powerful attractor of youth, including remain the main resource for preserving and attracting talent to the regions. In this study, we have analyzed two main peaks of youth migration - “school-university” and “university-labor market”. The relevance of the study is due to the development of regional systems of higher education, taking into account the positive forecast of the demographic growth of young people, as well as an increase in the rate of growth of educational migration. In addition, we have carried a qualitative analysis of the motives and factors of educational migration on the example of applicants from several regions of the Russian Federation.
Higher Education in Federal Countries: A Comparative Study is a unique study of higher education in nine federal countries—the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, Mexico, Brazil, Russia, China and India. In this book, leading international scholars discuss the role of federalism and how it shapes higher education in major nation-state actors on the world stage. The editors develop an overarching comparative analysis of the dynamics of central and regional power in higher education, and the national case studies explain how each federal and federal-like higher education system has evolved and how it functions in what are highly varied contexts.
The book makes a major contribution to higher education studies and defines a new field of comparative analysis. It also provides important insights into comparative governance and the study of federalism and federal arrangements, with their particular historical, political, legal and economic dimensions.
The modern system of higher education involves the active introduction of a practice-oriented approach, which is based not only on the educational process, but also on the formation of the student’s personality. The implementation of a practice-oriented approach implies that students acquire not only practical but also social competencies that they need for their future professional activity. Project activity HSE is presented as a separate type of educational activity of students as part of the educational program with credit units. The project seminar is an educational form of organizational and educational support for project activities. Not directly related to the forms of project implementation, the project seminar aims to form students' project competencies, skills of project interaction and project management. The practice of implementing a project seminar on undergraduate programs began in 2014, on graduate programs from 2018. This study is devoted to the analysis of the practice of project work of undergraduate students in educational programs of economic profile. The study is based on the analysis of the HSE – Perm, the survey involved 117 respondents, of which 8 teachers, 5 customer representatives and 104 students from different courses (the sample corresponds to a confidence accuracy of 95 % and an error of 10 % with a total population of 983 students).
Research question. Since 2014, HSE has been implementing a special practice of project-oriented training in undergraduate programs, which is to implement projects and a project seminar and to involve students in practical programs (applied projects). This practice has methodological support in the form of local regulations, but, in fact, there are ample opportunities for educational programs on the features of implementation. At the same time, a large number of participants were included in the process of implementing this practice and, in order to identify common benefits and difficulties in implementing such an approach, we launched this study. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the practice of introducing project-oriented education on the example of undergraduate economic programs at HSE – Perm, identify problems and identify ways to improve this process.
Sustainable development is a worldwide recognized social and political goal; it is discussed both in academic and political discourse. According to the authors, the formation of a new way of thinking will help to achieve this goal. A lot of research is related to sustainable development in higher education. However, mental models are formed even more effectively at school age. The paper was written in the context of Russia, where the subject of sustainable development in education is extremely poorly developed. The case of Ural Federal University was presented. The University has been working for several years on the creation of a device for the purification of sewage industrial water in the framework of an initiative student group. Recently, schoolchildren have joined this work. Such projects have been called university-to-school projects. Successful solution of inventive tasks contributes to the formation of mental models. The case has been analyzed in terms of institutionalism. The authors argued the primacy of mental institutions over normative in the process of sustainable society construction.
The role of higher education in shifting the economy to an innovative development path is considered. It is shown that innovations in the sphere of material production and in other sectors of the economy are carried out at low rates, and the higher school of Russia makes a very modest contribution to their implementation. The reasons for the current situation are analyzed, among which are insuffi cient funding for universities, deregulation of the labor market, curtailing scientifi c research. The ways of mobilization of the innovative potential of higher education are proposed, among them are the updating of the content of education and the strengthening of the relationship of universities with science and production through the development of targeted training. The management issues of higher education and science are touched upon.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Massive Open Online Courses, EMOOCs 2019, held in Naples, Italy, in May 2019.
The 15 full and 6 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have marked a milestone in the use of technology for education. The reach, potential, and possibilities of EMOOCs are immense. But they are not only restricted to global outreach: the same technology can be used to improve teaching on campus and training inside companies and institutions.
The chapter 'Goal Setting and Striving in MOOCs. A Peek inside the Black Box of Learner Behaviour' is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
This paper summaries the experience of a group of tutors making research-oriented seminar for masters’ students during the period of 2011–2015 years. For standard curriculum enhancement, the following methods were used: the balanced scorecard, subject-oriented approach for learning process modeling, e-learning platforms, virtual seminar concept, and many others.
the article is devoted to the issue of provision of regional systems of higher education with public funding per students, how much the current system of distribution of public funding corresponds to demographic trends and the forecast of the number of potential students. The forecast of the population at the age group of 17-21 years showed that starting from 2019, the Russian higher education system will be subject of increased pressure from applicants. This is caused by the expiration of “demographic hole” of the 1990s. The current guarantee of financial support for higher education at the expense of public funds (at least 800 students for every 10,000 people from the age group of 17-30 years old) can be carried out until 2024 without increasing the volume of public funding. However, the implementation of this standard is provided only by reducing the age cohort of 25-30 years. The ratio of the predicted values of the number of potential applicants and the importance of demand for regional higher education systems allowed us to identify the donor regions, the deficit regions and the recipient regions. An analysis of the current distribution of public funded places between regions of Russia made it possible to identify territorial imbalances that negatively affect the ability of school graduates to receive higher education free of charge in their home region.
Institutions affect investment decisions, including investments in human capital. Hence institutions are relevant for the allocation of talent. Good market-supporting institutions attract talent to productive value-creating activities, whereas poor ones raise the appeal of rent-seeking. We propose a theoretical model that predicts that more talented individuals are particularly sensitive in their career choices to the quality of institutions, and test these predictions on a sample of around 95 countries of the world. We find a strong positive association between the quality of institutions and graduation of college and university students in science, and an even stronger negative correlation with graduation in law. Our findings are robust to various specifications of empirical models, including smaller samples of former colonies and transition countries. The quality of human capital makes the distinction between educational choices under strong and weak institutions particularly sharp. We show that the allocation of talent is an important link between institutions and growth.