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Три вектора внутрипартийной политической оппозиции в новейшей отечественной истории переходного периода (1985-1991 годы)
The article highlights some features of arising the opposition trends in the Communist Party in the period from 1985 to 1991. Historical comprehension of the analyzed political events is based on system methodology; it allows to consider some opposition trends in the CPSU from the position of the public system which they represented and defended. Specific character of social and power relations in the USSR in the 80-ies - 90-ies of XX century revealed itself at the level of functioning the contrary vectors of political opposition. The paradox of the transitional historical situation was that, first, one and the same political party, the bloc, the movement acted as system forces and nonsystem ones simultaneously; second, in the destroying Soviet social system both the system opposition forces and the nonsystem ones arose in the CPSU itself. The results of the content analysis of materials on foreign policy issues that were published in such newspapers as Pravda, Izvestia, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Soviet Russia from April, 3-9, 1989, revealed the explicit and implicit acceptance of new political and socio-economic values by different social groups and the perception of new value grasps mostly by those social groups that were closer to the powerful Soviet institutions or they represented this power. Therefore, the first opposition tendencies appeared in the Communist Party. Due to the authorized "democratization" of Soviets the opportunities for legal registration and functioning of opposition forces being nonsystem to the collapsing Soviet social system appeared.
The article deals with the causes of ideological and organizational crisis of once the single party. The emphasis is on the description of main opposition movements emerged on the eve of the XXVIIIth Congress of the CPSU; the Democratic Platform in the Communist Party (DP), the Marxist Platform in the CPSU platform (MP) and the Platform of Initiative Congress of Russian Communists which was reorganized later into the Communist Initiative Movement. The main issues of discussion between the opposition intraparty blocks were the attitude to Soviets, attitude to reforming the Communist Party, as well as attitude to reforming the Soviet social system as a whole.
The author concludes that after the XXVIIIth Congress till August 1991 significant structural and ideological changes not allowing to resist the destructive nonsystem forces took place in the CPSU. Unlike its opponents the once unified Communist Party was in ideological and organizational crisis. One of the features of the period analysed was the existence of a wide range of opposition forces in the depths of the CPSU, since at the level of current political regime the party itself the allowed the system and nonsystem forces to coexist simultaneously.