Article
Влияние узуса на процесс перевода
The article deals with the influence of language usage on the translation process. Inadequacy of language usage distorts the original and reduces the quality of the translation. Language usage manifests in standard combinations, situation descriptions, the frequency of certain forms and categories. Differences in language usage such as ways of describing situations, selection of language units for standard combinations, quantitative characteristics of language usage in the source language and target language may cause divergence from the dictionary equivalent in the translation process.
In this work we consider modeling of services with workflow modules, which form a Petri net subclass. The service compatibility problem is to answer the question, whether two services fit together, i.e. whether the composed system is correct. We study complementarity of resources, produced/consumed by two services—a necessary condition for the service compatibility. Resources, which are produced/consumed by a service, are represented as a multiset language. We define an algebra of multiset languages and present algorithms for checking conformance of resources for two given well-structured workflow modules.
The paper continues research into words denoting everyday life objects in the Russian language. This research is conducted for developing a new encyclopedic thesaurus of Russian everyday life terminology. Working on this project brings up linguistic material which leads to discovering new trends and phenomena not covered by the existing dictionaries. We discuss derivation models which gain polularity: clipped forms (komp < komp’juter ‘computer’, nout < noutbuk ‘notebook computer’, vel < velosiped ‘bicycle’, mot<motocikl ‘motorbike’), competing masculine and feminine con- tracted nouns derived from adjectival noun phrases (mobil’nik (m.) / mo- bilka (f.) < mobil’nyj telefon (m.) ‘mobile phone’, zarjadnik (m.) / zarjadka (f.) < zarjadnoe ustrojstvo (n.) ‘AC charger’), hybrid compounds (plat’e- sviter ‘sweater dress’, jubka-brjuki ‘skirt pants’, shapkosharf ‘scarf hat’, vilkolozhka ‘spork, foon’). These words vary in spelling and syntactic behav- iour. We describe a newly formed series of words denoted multifunctional objects: mfushkaZ< MFU < mnogofunkcional’noe ustrojstvo ‘MFD, multi- function device’, mul’titul ‘multitool’, centr ‘unit, set’. Explaining the need to compose frequency lists of word meanings rather than just words, we of- fer a technique for gathering such lists and provide a sample produced from our own data. We also analyze existing dictionaries and perform various experiments to study the changes in word meanings and their comparative importance for speakers. We believe that, apart from the practical usage for our lexicographic project, our results might prove interesting for research in the evolution of the Russian lexical system.
The chapter explores the semantics and pragmatics of the Russian temporal syntactic phraseme ‘X to X,’ (a construction characterized by a semantically restricted set of lexical items able to fill in its syntactic variables) which expresses either the speaker’s surprise at the fact that events go as planned (surprising punctuality interpretation) or the speaker’s surprise at the fact that unplanned events go as if they had been pre-planned (surprising fateful coincidence interpretation). While the construction is not unique, and occurs in other languages, its preferred interpretations are language-specific. The chapter demonstrates differences between Russian and English outlooks on time, based on their fundamental differences in linguistic worldviews. According to one of the central key ideas of the Russian linguistic worldview, events are difficult for human subjects to control, as they are commonly controlled by outside forces, such as fate, and therefore surprising punctuality interpretation prevails in Russian. English, which does not view punctuality as something out of the ordinary, favours the surprising fateful coincidence interpretation of this syntactic phraseme. The idea of fate in relation to temporality is also found in other languages, as demonstrated by Bernard Charlier’s research on Mongolian temporality in his chapter in the current volume.
In this work we consider modeling of services with workflow modules, which are a subclass of Petri nets. The service compatibility problem is to answer the question, whether two Web services fit together, i.e. whether the composed system is sound. We study complementarity of service produced/consumed resources, that is a necessary condition for the service compatibility. Resources, which are produced/consumed by a Web service, are described as a multiset language. We define an algebra of multiset languages and present an algorithm for checking the conformance of resources for two given structured workflow modules.
This paper deals with the description of a complex method for the disambiguation of part-of-speech homonymy in Russian texts. The method is based on the data on syntactic compatibility of Russian words. A method for compiling a similar corpus is discussed.
Results are presented of investigations of the temperature dependence of the frequency of the surface magnetostatic waves in the cubic ferrite film—permanent magnet system. Analysis made of the conditions of thermal stability of the frequency and the essential requirements are proposed for the parameters of the film and the magnet. The results show that the best thermally compensating properties are typical of the films with the orientation {110} and magnets with positive temperature coefficients of spontaneous magnetisation. The experimental investigations were carried out on films of iron-yttrium garnet and magnets of (NdDy Tb Ho Gd) (Fe Co) В alloys. The temperature dependences of the frequencies from the longwave part of the spectrum were characterised by non-monotonic sections. At the maximum of the dependences, the temperature coefficients showed the zero value. The highest thermally stable frequency, 4.6 GHz, was recorded in the field with a strength of 1070 Oe and a temperature coefficients of 0.3 Oe/°C.
The paper is focused on the study of reaction of italian literature critics on the publication of the Boris Pasternak's novel "Doctor Jivago". The analysys of the book ""Doctor Jivago", Pasternak, 1958, Italy" (published in Russian language in "Reka vremen", 2012, in Moscow) is given. The papers of italian writers, critics and historians of literature, who reacted immediately upon the publication of the novel (A. Moravia, I. Calvino, F.Fortini, C. Cassola, C. Salinari ecc.) are studied and analised.
In the article the patterns of the realization of emotional utterances in dialogic and monologic speech are described. The author pays special attention to the characteristic features of the speech of a speaker feeling psychic tension and to the compositional-pragmatic peculiarities of dialogic and monologic text.