Article
Методические подходы при оценке ресурсной эффективности инвестиций в регионе
The research of companies’ territorial strategies allows to specify the entrepreneurs logic of territories choice for the investment by eliminating from the analysis the offshore capital, to reveal the differences in regional strategies of companies in various branches of the economy, to identify the company preferences in territories for different activities, to assess the attractiveness for foreign investors not only regions, but also different types of settlements (all of these tasks cannot be solved on the basis of statistical data). The paper analyzes the location of regional divisions of different types (production, logistics, sales, research, management) of 50 largest foreign companies operating in Russia (Forbes rating). The author confirms the compliance of this location with the existing theoretical ideas about the companies’ territorial strategies, including the importance of key economic centers, hierarchical and wave diffusion, neighborhood effect. The paper shows the differences in investments’ attracting in different types of cities (including the role of million-plus cities in the location of companies distribution centers and research units, small towns in attracting industrial enterprises, the second-third cities of regions in the development of the retail trade), in the wideness of the geography of companies activities in different industries (including the presence of minimum territorial barriers in the food industry and mono-brand retail trade, especially cars), the importance of proximity to Moscow. The article highlights Russian Federation subjects with the maximum degree of allocation of foreign companies.
In the article the necessity of institutional changes on the way to sustainable ecological-economic development and the multidirectional nature of the process is proved. The authors offer the ways of forming effective institutional mechanism. And the features of institutional transformations in Russia are emphasized.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.