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September 9, 2026
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You cannot study spoken dialects from books. Instead, you need to go to a village, seek out its elders, and earn the trust of local residents before you can record hours of spontaneous stories. This is how Natalia Muravleva, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Humanities, conducts her research. Her internship in Serbia continued her long-standing study of dialects spoken by Macedonian settlers. In this interview, she discusses how diaspora cultural centres help researchers reach informants, why native speakers need to be interviewed only in their own language (otherwise, as she puts it, they may 'break'), and how a single field season helped her finalise her monograph. She also shares warm memories of autumn in Belgrade and of colleagues with whom grammar can be discussed in three languages at once.
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When green is not attractive: energy transition, capital inflows, and environmental outcomes in BRICS economies

SN Business & Economics. 2026. Vol. 6. Article 326(2026).
Kilinc-Ata N., Варонг М. М.

Green transitions are widely expected to attract cleaner capital and accelerate decarbonization; however, emerging-economy evidence increasingly challenges this assumption. This study examines the dynamic relationship between energy transition indicators and capital inflows in BRICS+ economies over the period 1996–2022, explicitly testing the “Green Haven” hypothesis under conditions of global uncertainty. Unlike much of the existing BRICS+ literature, which examines the energy–growth, foreign direct investment (FDI)–emissions, or innovation–environment nexus separately, this study jointly analyzes the Green Haven hypothesis, Pollution Haven hypothesis, Hicksian induced innovation mechanism, and uncertainty-driven carbon fallback effect within a unified dynamic framework. Using the Pooled Mean Group–Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) framework, the analysis is justified by the mixed integration order of the variables and the need to allow heterogeneous short-run dynamics while estimating common long-run relationships across countries. The results reject the Green Haven hypothesis, showing that renewable energy (RE) expansion does not significantly attract FDI (β = 0.036, p = 0.320). Instead, FDI Granger-causes carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, lending support to the Pollution Haven hypothesis. Conversely, the findings provide evidence for Hicksian induced innovation, as environmental degradation stimulates research and development (R&D) investment (β = 2.075, p < 0.01). Paradoxically, large-scale RE deployment appears to crowd out domestic innovation efforts (β = −0.019, p < 0.01). Moreover, global uncertainty shocks are found to reinforce carbon-intensive development trajectories. These results suggest that passive RE expansion is insufficient to enhance financial attractiveness or ensure environmental gains. Effective energy transition strategies require conditional green FDI frameworks, innovation-aligned investment policies, and resilience mechanisms to safeguard decarbonization objectives in emerging economies.

Research target: Economics and Management
Language: English
DOI
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)Pollution Haven Hypothesisenergy transitionBRICS economiesgreen haven hypothesisPMG-ARDL
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