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Миссия-ориентированные инновации в Японии: сравнительный анализ научно-исследовательских партнерств
Contemporary studies on Japanese science and technology (S&T) policy often focus on the limitations of various government initiatives in addressing the nation's developmental stagnation, overlooking distinctive institutional and policy features of its public-private sector symbiosis. This deprives policymakers of critical insights into demand-side governance mechanisms, including policy instruments and coordination frameworks. This research article provides a comparative analysis of Japan's large- and medium-scale R&D partnerships, examining their evolution, design, and outcomes within the broader context of the country's mission-oriented innovation strategy.
The study traces Japan's collaborative R&D framework through its "University, Industry, and Government" (U-I-G) strategy and its subsequent policy interventions. Three distinct phases of institutional development are identified: the establishment of knowledge transfer mechanisms (1996–2000), the standardization of intellectual property management (2001–2005), and the creation of innovation hubs and research administration offices (2006–2011). The effectiveness of these initiatives is evidenced by a 100.5 % growth in industry-academia research projects and a 577.8 % increase in licensing revenues from 2010 to 2021.
A comparison of large-scale programs reveals a shift from rigid, competition-driven models to flexible, outcome-based approaches aligned with long-term national goals. While ImPACT's prescriptive demonstrator model achieved only 25 % commercialization, Moonshot's phased structure has shown 38 % of projects demonstrating potential for extended research. Similarly, medium-scale initiatives like A-STEP (2007) and NexTEP (2015) highlight the benefits of extended
timelines, co-development partnerships and equity-based commercialization.
These findings underscore Japan's adaptive policy evolution, balancing structured objectives with research autonomy and stakeholder incentives with actionable insights for policymakers navigating the complexities of mission-oriented innovation.