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Опыт применения сетевого анализа (SNA) в историческом нарративе полисубъектного региона (на примере валлийской хроники Brut y Tywysogyon)
This research is an endeavor to apply social network analysis (SNA) to the study of a medieval narrative source. The authors suppose that the use of network analysis may offer new possibilities in the study of the history of regions characterized by some political fragmentation. Authors tried to construct networks of historical interactions from 1193 to 1282 based on the data of Welsh chronicle Brut y Tywysogyon. This was the period of the Gwynedd dynasty’s rise. Princes of Gwynedd pursued a consistent policy aimed at achieving political unity in Wales and institutionalizing relations with the English crown. The nodes of the networks are the Welsh, English and continental characters mentioned by the Chronicle. The connections between the nodes reflect the wars, alliances or other "peaceful" ties mentioned in the Chronicle (marriage, homage, negotiations, etc.). For a study of this kind, it is fundamental to determine the weight of the links, considering the features of the analyzed source. The importance (weight) of ties was considered by the following rationing: war and union – 1, others – 0.5. This normalization is explained by the traditions of the historical narrative of the era. Visualization of the network allows us to illustrate the changes that occurred in Wales during the 13th century. Wales ceased to be a region focused exclusively on the Celtic world. In the second half of the 13th century, the number of Anglo-Welsh connections increases dramatically. The construction of graphs that reflect such types of relations as “conflicts” and “alliances” reflect a change of the political vector: constant Welsh internecine conflicts are replaced by an explicit Anglo-Welsh confrontation. Traditionally, the English conquest of Wales is explained by the transfer of the attention of British sovereigns from the continent to Britain, and, of course, the political fragmentation of the region and, as an inevitable consequence, military-political vulnerability. At the same time, the construction of networks demonstrates that Wales was conquered as a formally united principality, weakened not so much by the internal confrontation but by the external pressure.