?
«Антикультурные позиции» Жана Дюбюффе и формирование идей ар брюта
The article attempts to study the process of art brut’s ideas formation and conceptualization of this concept by French artist and art theorist Jean Dubuffet. The authors of the article, based on the theoretical foundations set out in the text “Anti-cultural positions”, identify the key points of disagreement. Dubuffet with the cultural values of his contemporary society in the period after the end of the Second World War. The ideological basis of the work of J. Dubuffet's idea is that the world as a whole, as well as culture and art in particular, must completely change and reset after the end of World War II, since it was the outdated values, ideals, foundations and norms established in a society that aspired to rationality that led to the great humanistic and social catastrophes of the mid-twentieth century. Thus, J. Dubuffet sees as his goal to move away from any rational perception and rational representation of objective existing reality, turning to the mental space: the subjectivity of the artist's vision, his unconscious and subconscious beginnings, aesthetics and artistic techniques of primitive art, which J. Dubuffet extols in comparison with Western culture. According to J. Dubuffet, classical art is no longer able to reflect the actual picture of the world, as it is increasingly moving away from everyday life, losing its sincerity and ceasing to be a means of expressing genuine ideas and feelings. The article examines the artist's works: “Arab Rose” (1948), “Savonarola” (1954), “Hotel du Cantal” (1961), “Highway d’Antin (Travel, Coats)” (1962) and “Montmartre Street” (1962). Stylistic analysis of paintings and sculptures by J. Dubuffet demonstrates the practical implementation of his conceptual ideas described in the “Anti-Cultural positions”. The artist creates his own visual language inspired by the stylistics of children's drawings, primitive art and the work of artists with mental disorders. According to Dubuffet, it is the works created in line with Art Brut’s concept that will restore art to its key functions – to convey ideas, “appeal to the mind, not the eyes”, and serve as a medium of communication, a tool of cognition and expression