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Временной профиль активации системы зеркальных нейронов при наблюдении за движением. Исследование при помощи транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции
Introduction . The mirror neuron system (MNS) plays a key role in linking the perception of actions with their execution, being activated both during observation and during the execution of actions. Despite extensive research on the functional roles of MNS, the temporal dynamics of MNS activation in humans remains poorly understood.
The aim of the study was to measure the temporal profile of the activity of the SZN during the observation of hand movements using transcranial magnetic stimulation at different time intervals (0, 320, 640, 1000, 1320, 1640 ms from the beginning of the demonstrated movement, time ranges from 1000 to 1640 ms correspond to the time interval after the end of the movement).
Materials and methods . Twenty right-handed participants participated in an experiment using neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation on the left primary motor cortex during observation of hand movements. Evoked motor responses were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous and abductor digiti minimi muscles at different moments relative to movement onset.
Results : A three-way interaction between movement type, muscle, and time was found. Specific muscle responses and intermuscular differences became apparent at 640 ms and persisted into the post-movement period (1000, 1320, 1640 ms). Specifically, increased activation was observed in muscles associated with reproducing the action observed on the screen, whereas muscles unrelated to the movement performed showed reduced activation levels that became more pronounced over time.
Выводы. Эти результаты раскрывают сложное возбуждающе-тормозное взаимодействие в CЗН, напоминающее моторное окружающее торможение. Расширенная временная активность СЗН предполагает их роль в обработке после завершения действия. Это исследование предоставляет новые данные о временной динамике СЗН и подчеркивает ее значение для стратегий моторной реабилитации. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для изучения активности СЗН на более длительных временных отрезках.