Государственная поддержка бизнеса в период пандемии: оценка эффективности

Вопросы государственного и муниципального управления. 2024. № 4. С. 152–190.

Сущая Е. С., Kuzyk M., Gorodnyi N.

Th e article presents a  cross-country analysis of  the eff ectiveness of  the principal business support strategies deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Th e research builds on existing literature on the relevant issues. Th e substantial details of the anti-crisis support provided to  businesses in  diff erent countries have been revealed. Th e evidence indicates that the volume of anti-crisis support and its coverage of business was, in general, more substantial in high-income countries. Conversely, the analysis does not indicate that the implementation of comparable support measures in high-income countries was more eff ective than in other countries. Th e eff ectiveness of various business support instruments in diff erent countries was predominantly determined by their design and the selection of  recipients. In  a  number of  cases, government support was focused on successful companies, which corresponds to the developmental state model. However, this was typical only for some countries (including Russia) and the measures they implemented. Th e most demanded measures for businesses during the pandemic were those that helped to reduce the liquidity defi cit. Both researchers and representatives of the authorities have provided positive evaluations of the eff ectiveness of such measures. Th e analysis shows that when implementing anti-crisis policy, it is essential to strike a balance between addressing social and economic challenges, supporting vulnerable fi rms most aff ected by the crisis, and stimulating the development of high-performing fi rms to ensure sustainable economic growth.

Keywords: субсидии, налоговые льготы, developmental state, subsidies, антикризисная политика, anti-crisis policy, tax incentives, эффективность государственной поддержки, коронакризис, COVID-19 crisis, government business support, effectiveness of government support, preferential loans, государственная поддержка бизнеса, государство развития, льготные кредиты