Предоставление компенсаций жертвам преступлений за счёт публичных фондов – благотворительность или имущественная ответственность государства?

Евразийская адвокатура. 2024. № 4. С. 114–118.

Gleb P.

The article considers the history of the formation of mechanisms for the restoration of the property status of victims of crime at the expense of public-law entities, the financial resources of which allow to save the victim from the risks of the absence of property of the offender and the impossibility of his identification by law enforcement agencies of the state.

The author criticises the doctrinal approach that when making public payments, the state, in essence, is involved in civil property liability for improper implementation of its tasks and functions (maintenance of law and order, prevention and detection of crimes). For this reason, disputes on the provision of such compensation cannot be considered tort disputes. They are of a public, not actionable, nature and consist in controlling the activities of state bodies vested with power and administrative authority to pay compensation in cases provided for by law.

The final part of the paper examines the prospects for the establishment of public funds for compensation to victims of crime in Russia and the steps taken to achieve this goal.

Keywords: ответственность государства, возмещение вреда, damages, tort law, деликтное право, state liability, public compensation funds, harm caused by crime, публичные фонды компенсаций, преступный вред