Создавая основу для равного роста: политика социального равенства в странах – членах БРИКС

Вестник международных организаций: образование, наука, новая экономика. 2013. № 2. С. 16–57.

Вандемоортеле М., Бёрд К., Дю Туа А., Лью М., Сен К., Суарес Ф. В.

Translator: Lanshina T., Rakhmangulov M., Sakharov A. G., Safonkina E., Shelepov A. V.

Editor of translation: Perfilieva O. V.

The article is the Overseas Development Institute working paper translated  with the the permission of the authors.

Five key emerging market economies, commonly termed the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), have been lauded for their stellar economic growth and resilience through the 2008/09 financial crisis. They are becoming models of development for development practitioners, researchers and other emerging economies. Scratch beneath the surface, however, and you will notice that not all people in these countries have benefited equally from growth. Some countries have seen enormous increases in income inequality – specifically China, India and South Africa; Brazil has enjoyed a reduction. What can be learnt, in terms of the challenges and successes of reconciling growth and equity, from the BRICS’ recent growth? This paper examines the experiences of four of the BRICS – Brazil, China, India and South Africa – and identifies four key factors shaping the countries’ pattern of growth: people having access to assets; investment in productive activities; social transfers; and a political economic context where inclusion is a priority.

Keywords: бедность, Бразилия, Китай, Индия, экономический рост, economic growth, BRICS, China, БРИКС, inequality, poverty, ЮАР, неравенство, равенство возможностей, India, Brazil, South Africa, equity of opportunities