Структура ценностей во время пандемии COVID-19

Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2023. Т. 20. № 4. С. 773–795.

Конюховская Ю. Е., Mitina O., Первичко Е. И., Чижова А. Р.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people faced risks to their lives and health, con- cern for their loved ones, and restrictions that worsened their quality of life, so it is acceptable to assume that their values’ structure could change at the individual and group levels. The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of the values’ structure of young people and middle- aged people at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. To measure the value profile, the Sh. Schwartz question- naire (PVQ-R) was used. Respondents filled it out in two stages. In the first stage, the questionnaire was filled out using the “retrospective assessment” method, that is, respondents were asked to recall their condition “before the pan- demic” (measurement 1) and “at the first wave” (in April 2020, measurement 2). At the second stage, they were asked to assesstheir current state after the “second wave”, when vaccination was spreading (January- March 2021, measurement 3). The study involved 108 respondents (86 women, and 22 men) aged 18 to 59 years. Generalized group value profiles of three measurements were compared. All values from the groups “Openness to change”, “Self-Affirmation” and “Universalism” had a “down-up” dynamic: they decreased during the “first wave” and increased with the weakening of the threat. For conservative values, the dynamics were the opposite of “up-down”, that is, during severe stress, the desire for social stability, compliance with rules, obli- gations, traditions increased, which per- formed a protective function. The values of an individual character decreased when a person felt a threat to his habitual exis- tence. The stability of the value system was also revealed: when the danger decreased, the value preferences returned to their original state. For age and gender differ- ences, it was found that the structure of values in women and young respondents is more “mobile”, compared with men and middle-aged respondents, respectively.

Keywords: stress, динамика ценностей, стресс, COVID-19 pandemic, пандемия COVID-19, Schwartz's value circle, dynamics of values, gender and age differences, comparison of categorical structures, ценностный круг Шварца, половозрастные различия, сравнение категориальных структур