ФИНАНСОВЫЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ МЕХАНИЗМАХ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: ЭКОСИСТЕМНЫЙ ПОДХОД

Финансы: теория и практика. 2022. Т. 26. № 2. С. 6–24.

Bechvaya M.

The authors substantiate the importance of choosing effective financing instruments for the successful functioning of economic mechanisms that ensure the implementation of strategic priorities for economic development. It is shown that the fields of science and education have a direct positive impact on the growth of the economy as a whole, being important priorities and drivers of economic development. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop clear strategic guidelines for the development of these areas and identify financial instruments built into economic mechanisms that ensure their practical implementation. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to conduct a retrospective analysis of the financing of science and education, taking into account global and domestic experience, to propose conceptual content for sectoral strategies for the development of science and education at different levels of the economic hierarchy, and to specify the financial tools for supporting the corresponding strategies. Based on the use of theoretical, empirical, comparative, institutional and evolutionary analysis of world and domestic experience in financing the development of science and education, the feasibility of implementing an ecosystem approach to the development and financing of these areas is substantiated, which makes it possible to unite through partnerships and resource flows all interested participants in socio-economic ecosystems. The importance of distinguishing between sectoral strategies for the development of science and education is substantiated, and the content of the corresponding strategies at the macro, meso and micro levels of the economy is proposed. Based on a comprehensive analysis of financing instruments and economic mechanisms for the development of science and education in Russia from 1992 to the present, taking into account their effectiveness, as well as the study of new promising instruments, it was concluded that it is advisable to rely on those financing instruments that have a self-reproducing nature and allow us to form the economics of science from the perspective of an ecosystem approach based on a balance of private and public funding.

Keywords: финансовые инструменты, экономические механизмы, financial instruments, strategic development, стратегическое развитие, economic mechanisms, ecosystem approach, экосистемный подход, отраслевые стратегии, industry strategies, финансирование науки и высшего образования, трансформация сфер науки и образования